mirror of
https://github.com/clearlinux/systemd-stable.git
synced 2026-09-04 20:51:33 +00:00
Sjoerd Simons
508627c15e
For the non-root user sysusers uses nologin as the default shell, not
login. Correct the documentation to match the code.
(cherry picked from commit eb34cba763)
229 lines
10 KiB
XML
229 lines
10 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="sysusers.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sysusers.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sysusers.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Declarative allocation of system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the
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files from <filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory
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to create system users and groups at package
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installation or boot time. This tool may be used to
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allocate system users and groups only, it is not
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useful for creating non-system users and groups, as it
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accesses <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing
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any more complex user databases, for example any
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database involving NIS or LDAP.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
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style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
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or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable
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to make it easy to override just this part of
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configuration.</para>
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<para>The file format is one line per user or group
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containing name, ID and GECOS field description:</para>
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<programlisting># Type Name ID GECOS
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u httpd 440 "HTTP User"
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u authd /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
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g input - -
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m authd input</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single
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letter. The following line types are
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understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>u</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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system user and group of the
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specified name should they not
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exist yet. The user's primary
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group will be set to the group
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bearing the same name. The
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user's shell will be set to
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<filename>/sbin/nologin</filename>,
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the home directory to
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<filename>/</filename>. The
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account will be created
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disabled, so that logins are
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not allowed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>g</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a
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system group of the specified
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name should it not exist
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yet. Note that
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<varname>u</varname>
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implicitly create a matching
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group. The group will be
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created with no password
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set.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a user to
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a group. If the user or group
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are not existing yet, they
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will be implicitly
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Name</title>
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<para>The name field specifies the user or
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group name. It should be be shorter than 31
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characters and avoid any non-ASCII characters,
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and not begin with a numeric character. It is
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strongly recommended to pick user and group
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names that are unlikely to clash with normal
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users created by the administrator. A good
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scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing all
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system and group names with the underscore,
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and avoiding too generic names.</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this
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field should contain the user name to add to a
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group.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>ID</title>
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<para>For <varname>u</varname> and
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<varname>g</varname> the numeric 32bit UID or
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GID of the user/group. Do not use IDs 65535 or
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4294967295, as they have special placeholder
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meanings. Specify "-" for automatic UID/GID
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allocation for the user or
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group. Alternatively, specify an absolute path
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in the file system. In this case the UID/GID
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is read from the path's owner/group. This is
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useful to create users whose UID/GID match the
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owners of pre-existing files (such as SUID or
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SGID binaries).</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this
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field should contain the group name to add to
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a user to.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>GECOS</title>
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<para>A short, descriptive string for users to
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be created, enclosed in quotation marks. Note
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that this field may not contain colons.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type
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<varname>u</varname> and should otherwise be
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left unset.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Overriding vendor configuration</title>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-sysusers</command>
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will do nothing if the specified users or groups
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already exist, so normally there no reason to override
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> vendor configuration,
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except to block certain users or groups from being
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created.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/sysusers.d</filename>
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override files with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/sysusers.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/sysusers.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d</filename>. The scheme is the same as for
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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except for the directory name.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a
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configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
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recommended way is to place a symlink to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/sysusers.d/</filename> bearing the
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same filename.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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