Release v3.2.6

This release introduces a change to the hashing scheme regarding delta names, and directory hashes, as well as minor fixes to support the new hashing. Signed-off-by: Tudor Marcu <tudor.marcu@intel.com>
Update argument passed to system_argv
2026-10-04 07:58:32 +00:00 · 2016-08-22 03:23:22 -07:00 · 2016-08-22 03:22:14 -07:00 · 2016-08-22 02:47:16 -07:00 · 2016-08-19 17:17:20 -07:00 · 2016-08-19 17:15:56 -07:00
38 changed files with 1275 additions and 610 deletions
@@ -19,16 +19,17 @@ stamp-h1
 DEADJOE
 swupd_create_update
 swupd_make_pack
-swupd-update-server.log*
 swupd_make_fullfiles
 swupd-server-*.tar.gz
-swupd-server.log.*
 cscope.*
 *.kdev4
 coverage/
 src/*.gcno
 src/*.gcda
 tap-driver.sh
-test/functional/*.log
-test/functional/*.trs
+test/functional/*/*.log
+test/functional/*/*.trs
+test/functional/*/logs/
+test/functional/*/web-dir/
+swupd-*.log
 test-suite.log
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ swupd_create_update_SOURCES = \
 	src/analyze_fs.c \
 	src/chroot.c \
 	src/config.c \
+	src/create_update.c \
 	src/delta.c \
 	src/fullfiles.c \
 	src/globals.c \
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ swupd_create_update_SOURCES = \
 	src/helpers.c \
 	src/heuristics.c \
 	src/log.c \
-	src/main.c \
 	src/manifest.c \
 	src/pack.c \
 	src/rename.c \
@@ -96,24 +96,27 @@ noinst_HEADERS = \
 	include/swupd.h \
 	include/xattrs.h

-TEST_EXTENSIONS = .sh
+TEST_EXTENSIONS = .bats

 if ENABLE_TESTS
 tap_driver = env AM_TAP_AWK='$(AWK)' $(SHELL) \
 	$(top_srcdir)/tap-driver.sh

 LOG_DRIVER = $(tap_driver)
-SH_LOG_DRIVER = $(tap_driver)
+BATS_LOG_DRIVER = $(tap_driver)

 TESTS = $(dist_check_SCRIPTS)

 dist_check_SCRIPTS = \
-	test/functional/basic.bats \
-	test/functional/update.bats \
-	test/functional/fullfiles.bats \
-	test/functional/pack.bats \
-	test/functional/full-run.bats \
-	test/functional/full-run-delta.bats
+	test/functional/basic/test.bats \
+	test/functional/delete-no-version-bump/test.bats \
+	test/functional/include-version-bump/test.bats \
+	test/functional/update/test.bats \
+	test/functional/fullfiles/test.bats \
+	test/functional/pack/test.bats \
+	test/functional/full-run/test.bats \
+	test/functional/full-run-delta/test.bats \
+	test/functional/file-name-blacklisted/test.bats
 endif

 if COVERAGE
@@ -23,11 +23,9 @@ export LEAF_CERT="leaf.cert.pem"
 export CA_CHAIN_CERT="ca-chain.cert.pem"
 export PASSPHRASE="${SWUPD_CERTS_DIR}/passphrase"

-${SWUPDREPO}/swupd_create_update --osversion ${VER} --statedir ${UPDATEDIR}
+${SWUPDREPO}/swupd_create_update --osversion ${VER} --statedir ${UPDATEDIR} --format 3
 ${SWUPDREPO}/swupd_make_fullfiles --statedir ${UPDATEDIR} ${VER}

-pushd ${SWUPDREPO}
-
 # create zero packs
 MOM=${UPDATEDIR}/www/${VER}/Manifest.MoM
 if [ ! -e ${MOM} ]; then
@@ -47,12 +45,6 @@ for job in $(jobs -p); do
 	fi
 done

-# create delta packs for 2 versions back
-NUM_PACKS=2
-${SWUPDREPO}/pack_maker.sh ${VER} ${NUM_PACKS}
-
-popd
-
 # expose the new build to staging / testing
 echo ${VER} > ${UPDATEDIR}/image/latest.version

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

 AC_PREREQ([2.66])
-AC_INIT(swupd-server, 3.1.0, timothy.c.pepper@linux.intel.com)
+AC_INIT(swupd-server, 3.2.6, timothy.c.pepper@linux.intel.com)
 AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign -Wall -W subdir-objects])
 AM_SILENT_RULES([yes])
 AC_PROG_CC
@@ -13,26 +13,31 @@
 // SWUPD_NUM_PACKS is also "PREV_CHECK" in releas tool swupd_bb.py (change both)
 #define SWUPD_NUM_PACKS 4
 #define SWUPD_NUM_MANIFEST_DELTAS 25
-#define SWUPD_DEFAULT_FORMAT 3

 #define SWUPD_SERVER_STATE_DIR "/var/lib/update"

 #if SWUPD_WITH_BSDTAR
 #define TAR_COMMAND "bsdtar"
 #define TAR_XATTR_ARGS ""
+#define TAR_XATTR_ARGS_STRLIST
 #define TAR_WARN_ARGS ""
 #else
 #define TAR_COMMAND "tar"
 #define TAR_XATTR_ARGS "--xattrs --xattrs-include='*'"
+#define TAR_XATTR_ARGS_STRLIST "--xattrs", "--xattrs-include='*'",
 #define TAR_WARN_ARGS "--warning=no-timestamp"
 #endif

 #if SWUPD_WITH_SELINUX
 #define TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS "--preserve-permissions --selinux " TAR_XATTR_ARGS
+#define TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST TAR_XATTR_ARGS_STRLIST "--preserve-permissions", "--selinux"
 #else
 #define TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS "--preserve-permissions " TAR_XATTR_ARGS
+#define TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST TAR_XATTR_ARGS_STRLIST "--preserve-permissions"
 #endif

+#define SWUPD_HASH_DIRNAME "DIRECTORY"
+
 #if SWUPD_WITH_STATELESS
 #define OS_IS_STATELESS 1
 #else
@@ -61,6 +66,7 @@
 #endif

 struct manifest {
+	unsigned long long int format;
 	int version;
 	int prevversion;
 	char *component;
@@ -70,6 +76,8 @@ struct manifest {
 	GList *manifests; /* as struct file */

 	GList *submanifests; /* as struct manifest */
+
+	GList *includes; /* struct manifests for all bundles included into this one */
 };

 struct file;
@@ -134,7 +142,7 @@ struct packdata {
 extern int current_version;
 extern int newversion;
 extern int minversion;
-extern char *format_string;
+extern unsigned long long int format;
 extern bool enable_signing;

 extern char *state_dir;
@@ -144,7 +152,7 @@ extern char *staging_dir;

 extern bool init_globals(void);
 extern void free_globals(void);
-extern bool set_format_string(char *);
+extern bool set_format(char *);
 extern void check_root(void);
 extern bool set_state_dir(char *);
 extern bool init_state_globals(void);
@@ -173,10 +181,13 @@ extern void free_manifest(struct manifest *manifest);
 extern struct manifest *alloc_manifest(int version, char *module);
 extern int match_manifests(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2);
 extern void sort_manifest_by_version(struct manifest *manifest);
+extern bool manifest_includes(struct manifest *manifest, char *component);
+extern bool changed_includes(struct manifest *old, struct manifest *new);
 extern int prune_manifest(struct manifest *manifest);
+extern int remove_old_deleted_files(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2);
 extern void create_manifest_delta(int oldversion, int newversion, char *module);
 extern void create_manifest_deltas(struct manifest *manifest, GList *last_versions_list);
-extern void subtract_manifests(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2);
+extern void subtract_manifests_frontend(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2);
 extern void nest_manifest(struct manifest *parent, struct manifest *sub);
 extern void nest_manifest_file(struct manifest *parent, struct file *file);
 extern int manifest_subversion(struct manifest *parent, char *group);
@@ -222,7 +233,7 @@ extern void populate_file_struct(struct file *file, char *filename);
 extern void download_exta_base_content(void);

 extern char *get_elapsed_time(struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t2);
-extern void init_log(int version);
+extern void init_log(const char *prefix, const char *bundle, int start, int end);
 extern void init_log_stdout(void);
 extern void close_log(int version, int exit_status);
 extern void __log_message(struct file *file, char *msg, char *filename, int linenr, const char *fmt, ...);
@@ -233,7 +244,7 @@ extern void type_change_detection(struct manifest *manifest);

 extern void rename_detection(struct manifest *manifest, int last_change, GList *last_versions_list);
 extern void link_renames(GList *newfiles, struct manifest *from_manifest);
-extern void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version);
+extern void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version, char *from_hash);

 extern void account_delta_hit(void);
 extern void account_delta_miss(void);
@@ -241,8 +252,11 @@ extern void account_delta_miss(void);
 extern FILE *fopen_exclusive(const char *filename); /* no mode, opens for write only */
 extern void dump_file_info(struct file *file);
 extern void string_or_die(char **strp, const char *fmt, ...);
-extern void print_elapsed_time(struct timeval *previous_time, struct timeval *current_time);
+extern void print_elapsed_time(const char *step, struct timeval *previous_time, struct timeval *current_time);
 extern int system_argv(char *const argv[]);
+extern int system_argv_fd(char *const argv[], int newstdin, int newstdout, int newstderr);
+extern int system_argv_pipe(char *const argvp1[], int stdinp1, int stderrp1,
+			    char *const argvp2[], int stdoutp2, int stderrp2);

 extern bool signature_initialize(void);
 extern void signature_terminate(void);
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -e
-# usage:
-#	pack_maker.sh <to version> <back_count>
-#	pack_maker.sh 2820 2
-#	pack_maker.sh 2730 3
-#
-# For each bundle changed as of the Manifest.MoM at the <to version>,
-# create version-pair packs going back <back_count>
-# versions of that bundle.  For example if bundle "editors" changed in 2650
-# and the script is run as "pack_maker.sh 2650 2", it will find that
-# "editors" last two change points were 2550 and 2260 and thus create a
-# 2550-to-2650 and a 2260-to-2650 version pair pack for the "editors"
-# bundle.
-
-#NOTE: fullfiles must be created before calling this script
-#NOTE: zero packs need similarly created
-
-#NOTE: build numbers are sparse, search back for the next oldest existing build
-#NOTE: in the future isn't simply -10, and when that change happens we must also
-#      consider which version-pair packs are meaningful for intermediate builds
-#      and revert builds.
-
-SWUPDREPO=${SWUPDREPO:-"/usr/src/clear-projects/swupd-server"}
-BUNDLEREPO=${BUNDLEREPO:-"/usr/src/clear-projects/clr-bundles"}
-UPDATEDIR=${UPDATEDIR:-"/var/lib/update"}
-SWUPDWEBDIR="${UPDATEDIR}/www"
-SWUPD_CERTS_DIR=${SWUPD_CERTS_DIR=:-"/root/swupd-certs"}
-
-export XZ_DEFAULTS="--threads 0"
-
-export SWUPD_CERTS_DIR
-export LEAF_KEY="leaf.key.pem"
-export LEAF_CERT="leaf.cert.pem"
-export CA_CHAIN_CERT="ca-chain.cert.pem"
-export PASSPHRASE="${SWUPD_CERTS_DIR}/passphrase"
-
-VER=$1
-BACK_COUNT=$2
-
-if [ "${BACK_COUNT}" == "" ]; then
-	echo "missing to pack count"
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ "${VER}" == "" ]; then
-	echo "missing to version"
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-MOM=${SWUPDWEBDIR}/${VER}/Manifest.MoM
-if [ ! -e ${MOM} ]; then
-	echo "invalid version (no ${MOM})"
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-#time ${SWUPDREPO}/swupd_make_fullfiles --statedir ${UPDATEDIR} ${VER}
-
-BUNDLE_LIST=$(cat ${MOM} | awk -v V=${VER} '$1 ~ /^M\./ && $3 == V { print $4 }')
-
-# build packs for all bundles changed in $VER
-for BUNDLE in $BUNDLE_LIST; do
-	#${SWUPDREPO}/swupd_make_pack --statedir ${UPDATEDIR} 0 ${VER} ${BUNDLE} &
-
-	BUNDLE_VER_LIST=""
-	MANIFEST_VER=$(cat ${SWUPDWEBDIR}/$VER/Manifest.MoM | grep "^previous:" | cut -f 2)
-	BUNDLE_VER=""
-	COUNT=0
-	while [ $COUNT -lt $BACK_COUNT ] && [ $MANIFEST_VER -gt 0 ]; do
-		MOM=${SWUPDWEBDIR}/$MANIFEST_VER/Manifest.MoM
-		if [ -e ${MOM} ]; then
-			BUNDLE_VER=$(cat ${MOM} | grep "	${BUNDLE}$" | cut -f 3)
-			if [ "$BUNDLE_VER" != "" ]; then
-				BUNDLE_VER_LIST="$BUNDLE_VER $BUNDLE_VER_LIST"
-				MANIFEST_VER=$(cat ${SWUPDWEBDIR}/$BUNDLE_VER/Manifest.MoM | grep "^previous:" | cut -f 2)
-				let COUNT=$((COUNT+1))
-			else
-				# back in history to where bundle didn't exist yet
-				MANIFEST_VER=0
-			fi
-		else
-			# seek backwards until a manifest if found
-			MANIFEST_VER=$((MANIFEST_VER-10))
-		fi
-	done
-
-	for v in $BUNDLE_VER_LIST; do
-		if [ -e ${SWUPDWEBDIR}/${VER}/pack-${BUNDLE}-from-$v.tar ]; then
-			echo "${VER}/pack-${BUNDLE}-from-$v.tar already exists, skipping."
-		else
-			${SWUPDREPO}/swupd_make_pack --statedir ${UPDATEDIR} $v ${VER} ${BUNDLE} &
-		fi
-	done
-done
-
-for job in $(jobs -p)
-do
-	wait ${job}
-	RET=$?
-	if [ "$RET" != "0" ]; then
-		echo "pack creation failure!"
-		exit $RET
-	fi
-done
-
-# NOTE: your devops will want to expose the completed swupd server build to
-# trial usage at some point.  This would be done via code like:
-#
-#	echo ${VER} > ${SWUPDWEBDIR}/../image/latest.version
-#	STAGING=$(cat ${SWUPDWEBDIR}/version/formatstaging/latest)
-#	if [ "${STAGING}" -lt "${VER}" ]; then
-#		echo ${VER} > ${SWUPDWEBDIR}/version/formatstaging/latest
-#	fi
@@ -23,19 +23,19 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <glib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <openssl/hmac.h>
 #include <linux/limits.h>
+#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"
 #include "xattrs.h"
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ int compute_hash(struct file *file, char *filename)
 		hmac_sha256_for_string(file->hash,
 				       (const unsigned char *)key,
 				       key_len,
-				       file->filename); //file->filename not filename
+				       SWUPD_HASH_DIRNAME); // Make independent of dirname
 		return 0;
 	}

@@ -286,18 +286,15 @@ static bool illegal_characters(char *filename)
 	// these breaks the tar transform sed-like expression,
 	// hopefully can remove this check after moving to libtar
 	if (strncmp(filename, "+", 1) == 0) {
-		printf("WARNING: Filename %s begins with '+'! ...skipping.\n", filename);
 		return true;
 	}
 	if (strstr(filename, "+package+") != NULL) {
-		printf("WARNING: Filename %s contains \"+package+\"! ...skipping.\n", filename);
 		return true;
 	}

 	for (i = 0; i < BAD_CHAR_COUNT; i++) {
 		c = bad_chars[i];
 		if (strchr(filename, c) != NULL) {
-			printf("WARNING: Filename %s includes illegal character '%c'! ...skipping.\n", filename, c);
 			return true;
 		}
 	}
@@ -323,6 +320,7 @@ static void iterate_directory(struct manifest *manifest, char *pathprefix,

 	while (dir) {
 		struct file *file;
+		char *sub_filename;
 		char *fullname;

 		entry = readdir(dir);
@@ -331,8 +329,15 @@ static void iterate_directory(struct manifest *manifest, char *pathprefix,
 		}

 		if ((strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0) ||
-		    (strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) ||
-		    (illegal_characters(entry->d_name))) {
+		    (strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		string_or_die(&sub_filename, "%s/%s", subpath, entry->d_name);
+
+		if (illegal_characters(entry->d_name)) {
+			printf("WARNING: Filename %s includes illegal character(s) ...skipping.\n", sub_filename);
+			free(sub_filename);
 			continue;
 		}

@@ -342,7 +347,7 @@ static void iterate_directory(struct manifest *manifest, char *pathprefix,
 		}

 		file->last_change = manifest->version;
-		string_or_die(&file->filename, "%s/%s", subpath, entry->d_name);
+		file->filename = sub_filename;

 		string_or_die(&fullname, "%s/%s", fullpath, entry->d_name);
 		populate_file_struct(file, fullname);
@@ -402,6 +407,58 @@ struct manifest *full_manifest_from_directory(int version)
 	return manifest;
 }

+/* Read includes from $manifest-includes file */
+GList *get_sub_manifest_includes(char *component, int version)
+{
+	FILE *infile;
+	GList *includes = NULL;
+	char *c;
+	char *conf;
+	char *filename;
+	char *included;
+	char line[8192];
+
+	conf = config_output_dir();
+	if (conf == NULL) {
+		assert(0);
+	}
+
+	string_or_die(&filename, "%s/%i/noship/%s-includes", conf, version, component);
+	free(conf);
+
+	LOG(NULL, "Reading includes", "%s", filename);
+	infile = fopen(filename, "rb");
+
+	if (infile == NULL) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT) {
+			LOG(NULL, "Cannot read includes", "%s (%s)\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+		}
+		free(filename);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	line[0] = 0;
+	while (strcmp(line, "\n") != 0) {
+		line[0] = 0;
+		if (fgets(line, 8191, infile) == NULL) {
+			break;
+		}
+		c = strchr(line, '\n');
+		if (c) {
+			*c = 0;
+		}
+		if (strlen(line) == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		included = strdup(line);
+		includes = g_list_prepend(includes, included);
+	}
+	fclose(infile);
+	includes = g_list_sort(includes, (GCompareFunc)strcmp);
+
+	return includes;
+}
+
 struct manifest *sub_manifest_from_directory(char *component, int version)
 {
 	struct manifest *manifest;
@@ -419,6 +476,8 @@ struct manifest *sub_manifest_from_directory(char *component, int version)

 	manifest->files = g_list_sort(manifest->files, file_sort_filename);

+	manifest->includes = get_sub_manifest_includes(component, version);
+
 	return manifest;
 }

@@ -21,23 +21,21 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

 void chroot_create_full(int newversion)
 {
-	int ret;
 	char *group;
-	char *command;
+	char *param;
 	char *full_dir;

 	string_or_die(&full_dir, "%s/%i/full/", image_dir, newversion);
@@ -46,11 +44,12 @@ void chroot_create_full(int newversion)

 	/* start with base */
 	LOG(NULL, "Copying chroot os-core to full", "");
-	string_or_die(&command, "rsync -aAX %s/%i/os-core/ %s",
-		      image_dir, newversion, full_dir);
-	ret = system(command);
-	assert(ret == 0);
-	free(command);
+	string_or_die(&param, "%s/%i/os-core/", image_dir, newversion);
+	char *const rsynccmd[] = { "rsync", "-aAX", param, full_dir, NULL };
+	if (system_argv(rsynccmd) != 0) {
+		assert(0);
+	}
+	free(param);

 	/* overlay any new files from each group */
 	while (1) {
@@ -60,31 +59,12 @@ void chroot_create_full(int newversion)
 		}

 		LOG(NULL, "Overlaying bundle chroot onto full", "%s", group);
-		string_or_die(&command, "rsync -aAX --ignore-existing %s/%i/%s/ %s",
-			      image_dir, newversion, group, full_dir);
-		ret = system(command);
-		assert(ret == 0);
-		free(command);
-	}
-
-	/* and since some dumb files have things like install timestamps in
-	 * them, we pull files from full back to bundles so each instance
-	 * of the "same" file is truly identical across bundles.  It may
-	 * make sense at some point to add more logic here for conflict
-	 * detection and resolution, including work to insure renames are
-	 * consistent across groups. */
-	while (1) {
-		group = next_group();
-		if (!group) {
-			break;
+		string_or_die(&param, "%s/%i/%s/", image_dir, newversion, group);
+		char *const rsynccmd[] = { "rsync", "-aAX", "--ignore-existing", param, full_dir, NULL };
+		if (system_argv(rsynccmd) != 0) {
+			assert(0);
 		}
-
-		LOG(NULL, "Recopy bundle chroot out of full", "%s", group);
-		string_or_die(&command, "rsync -aAX --existing %s %s/%i/%s",
-			      full_dir, image_dir, newversion, group);
-		ret = system(command);
-		assert(ret == 0);
-		free(command);
+		free(param);
 	}
 	free(full_dir);
 }
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
 *
 */

+#include <assert.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <glib.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -25,17 +25,17 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <glib.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
-#include <getopt.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ static void print_help(const char *name)
 	printf("Application Options:\n");
 	printf("   -o, --osversion         The OS version for which to create an update\n");
 	printf("   -m, --minversion        Optional minimum file version to write into manifests per file\n");
-	printf("   -F, --format            Optional format string [ default:=%d ]\n", SWUPD_DEFAULT_FORMAT);
+	printf("   -F, --format            Format number for the update\n");
 	printf("   -g, --getformat         Print current format string and exit\n");
 	printf("   -S, --statedir          Optional directory to use for state [ default:=%s ]\n", SWUPD_SERVER_STATE_DIR);
 	printf("   -s, --signcontent       Enables cryptographic signing of update content\n");
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ static bool parse_options(int argc, char **argv)
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'F':
-			if (!optarg || !set_format_string(optarg)) {
+			if (!optarg || !set_format(optarg)) {
 				printf("Invalid --format argument\n\n");
 				return false;
 			}
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ static bool parse_options(int argc, char **argv)
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'g':
-			if (format_string == NULL) {
-				printf("%d\n", SWUPD_DEFAULT_FORMAT);
+			if (format == 0) {
+				printf("No format specified\n");
 			} else {
-				printf("%s\n", format_string);
+				printf("%llu\n", format);
 				free_globals();
 			}
 			exit(0);
@@ -223,8 +223,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	struct manifest *old_full = NULL;
 	struct manifest *new_full = NULL;

+	GHashTable *new_manifests = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+	GHashTable *old_manifests = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
 	GList *manifests_last_versions_list = NULL;
 	int newfiles = 0;
+	int old_deleted = 0;

 	struct timeval current_time;
 	struct timeval previous_time;
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	populate_dirs(newversion);

 	printf("Next version is %i \n", newversion);
-	init_log(newversion);
+	init_log("swupd-create-update", "", current_version, newversion);

 	gettimeofday(&previous_time, NULL);

@@ -285,7 +288,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	printf("Syncing bundle chroots with full chroot\n");
 	chroot_create_full(newversion);

-	print_elapsed_time(&previous_time, &current_time);
+	print_elapsed_time("full chroot creation", &previous_time, &current_time);

 	printf("Calculating full manifest (this is expensive/slow)\n");
 	old_full = manifest_from_file(current_version, "full");
@@ -293,11 +296,18 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	apply_heuristics(old_full);
 	apply_heuristics(new_full);
 	match_manifests(old_full, new_full);
+
+	old_deleted = remove_old_deleted_files(old_full, new_full);
+	if (old_deleted > 0) {
+		LOG(NULL, "", "Old deleted files (%d) removed from full manifest", old_deleted);
+		printf("Old deleted files (%d) removed from full manifest\n", old_deleted);
+	}
+
 	apply_heuristics(new_full);
 #warning disabled rename detection for some simplicity
 	// rename_detection(new_full);

-	print_elapsed_time(&previous_time, &current_time);
+	print_elapsed_time("full manifest creation", &previous_time, &current_time);

 	printf("Entering phase 2: Doing the os-core bundle\n");
 	/* Phase 2 : the os-core set */
@@ -332,6 +342,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		/* Detect renamed files specifically for each pack */
 		// rename_detection(...);

+		old_deleted = remove_old_deleted_files(old_core, new_core);
 		sort_manifest_by_version(new_core);
 		newfiles = prune_manifest(new_core);
 		if (newfiles <= 0) {
@@ -339,20 +350,56 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			printf("Core component has not changed (after pruning), exiting\n");
 			goto exit;
 		}
-		LOG(NULL, "", "Core component has changes (%d), writing out new manifest", newfiles);
-		printf("Core component has changes (%d), writing out new manifest\n", newfiles);
+		LOG(NULL, "", "Core component has changes (%d new, %d deleted), writing out new manifest", newfiles, old_deleted);
+		printf("Core component has changes (%d new, %d deleted), writing out new manifest\n", newfiles, old_deleted);
 		if (write_manifest(new_core) != 0) {
 			LOG(NULL, "", "Core component manifest write failed");
 			printf("Core component manifest write failed\n");
 			goto exit;
 		}
-		create_manifest_deltas(new_core, manifests_last_versions_list);
 	}

 	nest_manifest(new_MoM, new_core);

 	/* Phase 3: the functional bundles */
 	printf("Entering phase 3: The bundles\n");
+	while (1) {
+		char *group = next_group();
+
+		if (!group) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		(void)g_hash_table_insert(new_manifests, group, sub_manifest_from_directory(group, newversion));
+		(void)g_hash_table_insert(old_manifests, group, manifest_from_file(manifest_subversion(old_MoM, group), group));
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		GList *manifest_includes = NULL;
+		GList *name_includes;
+		char *group = next_group();
+		struct manifest *manifest;
+
+		if (!group) {
+			break;
+		}
+		manifest = g_hash_table_lookup(new_manifests, group);
+		name_includes = manifest->includes;
+		while (name_includes) {
+			char *name = name_includes->data;
+			name_includes = g_list_next(name_includes);
+			manifest_includes = g_list_prepend(manifest_includes, g_hash_table_lookup(new_manifests, name));
+		}
+		manifest->includes = manifest_includes;
+		manifest_includes = NULL;
+		manifest = g_hash_table_lookup(old_manifests, group);
+		name_includes = manifest->includes;
+		while (name_includes) {
+			char *name = name_includes->data;
+			name_includes = g_list_next(name_includes);
+			manifest_includes = g_list_prepend(manifest_includes, g_hash_table_lookup(old_manifests, name));
+		}
+		manifest->includes = manifest_includes;
+	}
 	while (1) {
 		char *group = next_group();
 		struct manifest *oldm;
@@ -369,19 +416,27 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		printf("Processing bundle %s\n", group);

 		/* Step 4: Make a manifest for this functonal group */
-		oldm = manifest_from_file(manifest_subversion(old_MoM, group), group);
-		newm = sub_manifest_from_directory(group, newversion);
+		oldm = g_hash_table_lookup(old_manifests, group);
+		newm = g_hash_table_lookup(new_manifests, group);
 		add_component_hashes_to_manifest(newm, new_full);
 		apply_heuristics(oldm);
 		apply_heuristics(newm);
 		newm->prevversion = oldm->version;

+		/* add os-core as an included manifest */
+		if (!manifest_includes(oldm, "os-core")) {
+			oldm->includes = g_list_prepend(oldm->includes, old_core);
+		}
+		if (!manifest_includes(newm, "os-core")) {
+			newm->includes = g_list_prepend(newm->includes, new_core);
+		}
+
 		/* Step 5: Subtract the core files from the manifest */
-		subtract_manifests(oldm, old_core);
-		subtract_manifests(newm, new_core);
+		subtract_manifests_frontend(oldm, oldm);
+		subtract_manifests_frontend(newm, newm);

 		/* Step 6: Compare manifest to the previous version... */
-		if (match_manifests(oldm, newm) == 0) {
+		if (match_manifests(oldm, newm) == 0 && !changed_includes(oldm, newm)) {
 			LOG(NULL, "", "%s components have not changed, no new manifest", group);
 			printf("%s components have not changed, no new manifest\n", group);
 			/* Step 6a: if nothing changed, stay at the old version */
@@ -390,18 +445,18 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			apply_heuristics(newm);
 #warning missing rename_detection here
 			/* Step 6b: otherwise, write out the manifest */
+			old_deleted = remove_old_deleted_files(oldm, newm);
 			sort_manifest_by_version(newm);
 			type_change_detection(newm);
 			newfiles = prune_manifest(newm);
-			if (newfiles > 0) {
-				LOG(NULL, "", "%s component has changes (%d), writing out new manifest", group, newfiles);
-				printf("%s component has changes (%d), writing out new manifest\n", group, newfiles);
+			if (newfiles > 0 || old_deleted > 0 || changed_includes(oldm, newm)) {
+				LOG(NULL, "", "%s component has changes (%d new, %d deleted), writing out new manifest", group, newfiles, old_deleted);
+				printf("%s component has changes (%d new, %d deleted), writing out new manifest\n", group, newfiles, old_deleted);
 				if (write_manifest(newm) != 0) {
 					LOG(NULL, "", "%s component manifest write failed", group);
 					printf("%s component manifest write failed\n", group);
 					goto exit;
 				}
-				create_manifest_deltas(newm, manifests_last_versions_list);
 			} else {
 				LOG(NULL, "", "%s component has not changed (after pruning), no new manifest", group);
 				printf("%s component has not changed (after pruning), no new manifest\n", group);
@@ -412,7 +467,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		nest_manifest(new_MoM, newm);
 	}

-	print_elapsed_time(&previous_time, &current_time);
+	print_elapsed_time("bundle manifest creation", &previous_time, &current_time);

 	printf("Entering phase 4: completion manifests \n");
 	/* Phase 4 : manifest completion */
@@ -423,9 +478,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		printf("Failed to write new MoM\n");
 		goto exit;
 	}
-	create_manifest_deltas(new_MoM, manifests_last_versions_list);

-	print_elapsed_time(&previous_time, &current_time);
+	print_elapsed_time("MoM creation", &previous_time, &current_time);

 	printf("Entering phase 5: creating download content\n");
 	/* Phase 5: wrapping up */
@@ -442,7 +496,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/* Step 8: Prepare delta directory */
 	prepare_delta_dir(new_full);

-	print_elapsed_time(&previous_time, &current_time);
+	print_elapsed_time("finalize update", &previous_time, &current_time);

 	exit_status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
 exit:
@@ -21,26 +21,23 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <bsdiff.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#include <bsdiff.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"
 #include "xattrs.h"

-void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version)
+void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version, char *from_hash)
 {
-	char *original, *newfile, *outfile, *dotfile, *testnewfile, *sanitycheck;
-	char *conf;
+	char *original, *newfile, *outfile, *dotfile, *testnewfile, *conf;
 	int ret;

 	if (file->is_link) {
@@ -64,10 +61,9 @@ void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version)

 	conf = config_output_dir();

-	string_or_die(&outfile, "%s/%i/delta/%i-%i-%s", conf, file->last_change, from_version, file->last_change, file->hash);
-	string_or_die(&dotfile, "%s/%i/delta/.%i-%i-%s", conf, file->last_change, from_version, file->last_change, file->hash);
-	string_or_die(&testnewfile, "%s/%i/delta/.%i-%i-%s.testnewfile", conf, file->last_change, from_version, file->last_change, file->hash);
-	string_or_die(&sanitycheck, "cmp -s \"%s\" \"%s\"", newfile, testnewfile);
+	string_or_die(&outfile, "%s/%i/delta/%i-%i-%s-%s", conf, file->last_change, from_version, file->last_change, from_hash, file->hash);
+	string_or_die(&dotfile, "%s/%i/delta/.%i-%i-%s-%s", conf, file->last_change, from_version, file->last_change, from_hash, file->hash);
+	string_or_die(&testnewfile, "%s/%i/delta/.%i-%i-%s-%s.testnewfile", conf, file->last_change, from_version, file->last_change, from_hash, file->hash);

 	LOG(file, "Making delta", "%s->%s", original, newfile);

@@ -112,13 +108,14 @@ void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version)
 		goto out;
 	}

-	ret = system(sanitycheck);
-	if (ret == -1 || !WIFEXITED(ret) || WEXITSTATUS(ret) == 2) {
+	char *const sanitycheck[] = { "cmp", "-s", newfile, testnewfile, NULL };
+	ret = system_argv(sanitycheck);
+	if (ret == -1 || ret == 2) {
 		printf("Sanity check system command failed %i. \n", ret);
 		printf("%s->%s via diff %s yielded %s\n", original, newfile, dotfile, testnewfile);
 		assert(0);
 		goto out;
-	} else if (WEXITSTATUS(ret) == 1) {
+	} else if (ret == 1) {
 		printf("Delta application resulted in file mismatch %i. \n", ret);
 		printf("%s->%s via diff %s yielded %s\n", original, newfile, dotfile, testnewfile);
 		LOG(file, "Delta mismatch:", "%s->%s via diff %s yielded %s", original, newfile, dotfile, testnewfile);
@@ -139,7 +136,6 @@ void __create_delta(struct file *file, int from_version)
 		LOG(NULL, "Failed to rename", "");
 	}
 out:
-	free(sanitycheck);
 	free(testnewfile);
 	free(conf);
 	free(newfile);
@@ -22,18 +22,18 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 static void create_fullfile(struct file *file)
 {
 	char *origin;
-	char *tarcommand = NULL;
 	char *tarname = NULL;
 	char *rename_source = NULL;
 	char *rename_target = NULL;
@@ -50,6 +49,8 @@ static void create_fullfile(struct file *file)
 	int ret;
 	struct stat sbuf;
 	char *empty, *indir, *outdir;
+	char *param1, *param2;
+	int stderrfd;

 	if (file->is_deleted) {
 		return; /* file got deleted -> by definition we cannot tar it up */
@@ -92,14 +93,22 @@ static void create_fullfile(struct file *file)
 			assert(0);
 		}

-		string_or_die(&tarcommand, TAR_COMMAND " -C %s " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -cf - --exclude='%s/?*' './%s' 2> /dev/null | "
-			      TAR_COMMAND " -C %s " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -xf - 2> /dev/null",
-			      dir, base, base, rename_tmpdir);
-		if (system(tarcommand) != 0) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", tarcommand);
+		string_or_die(&param1, "--exclude=%s/?*", base);
+		string_or_die(&param2, "./%s", base);
+		char *const tarcfcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, "-C", dir, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-cf", "-", param1, param2, NULL };
+		char *const tarxfcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, "-C", rename_tmpdir, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-xf", "-", NULL };
+
+		stderrfd = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
+		if (stderrfd == -1) {
+			LOG(NULL, "Failed to open /dev/null", "");
 			assert(0);
 		}
-		free(tarcommand);
+		if (system_argv_pipe(tarcfcmd, -1, stderrfd, tarxfcmd, -1, stderrfd) != 0) {
+			assert(0);
+		}
+		free(param1);
+		free(param2);
+		close(stderrfd);

 		string_or_die(&rename_source, "%s/%s", rename_tmpdir, base);
 		string_or_die(&rename_target, "%s/%s", rename_tmpdir, file->hash);
@@ -110,13 +119,13 @@ static void create_fullfile(struct file *file)
 		free(rename_source);

 		/* for a directory file, tar up simply with gzip */
-		string_or_die(&tarcommand, TAR_COMMAND " -C %s " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -zcf %s/%i/files/%s.tar %s",
-			      rename_tmpdir, outdir, file->last_change, file->hash, file->hash);
-		if (system(tarcommand) != 0) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", tarcommand);
+		string_or_die(&param1, "%s/%i/files/%s.tar", outdir, file->last_change, file->hash);
+		char *const tarcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, "-C", rename_tmpdir, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-zcf", param1, file->hash, NULL };
+
+		if (system_argv(tarcmd) != 0) {
 			assert(0);
 		}
-		free(tarcommand);
+		free(param1);

 		if (rmdir(rename_target)) {
 			LOG(NULL, "rmdir failed for %s", rename_target);
@@ -125,6 +134,7 @@ static void create_fullfile(struct file *file)
 		if (rmdir(rename_tmpdir)) {
 			LOG(NULL, "rmdir failed for %s", rename_tmpdir);
 		}
+		free(rename_tmpdir);

 		free(tmp1);
 		free(tmp2);
@@ -145,29 +155,38 @@ static void create_fullfile(struct file *file)

 		/* step 2a: tar it with each compression type  */
 		// lzma
-		string_or_die(&tarcommand, TAR_COMMAND " --directory=%s " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -Jcf %s/%i/files/%s.tar.xz %s",
-			      empty, outdir, file->last_change, file->hash, file->hash);
-		if (system(tarcommand) != 0) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", tarcommand);
+		string_or_die(&param1, "--directory=%s", empty);
+		string_or_die(&param2, "%s/%i/files/%s.tar.xz", outdir, file->last_change, file->hash);
+		char *const tarlzmacmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, param1, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-Jcf", param2, file->hash, NULL };
+
+		if (system_argv(tarlzmacmd) != 0) {
 			assert(0);
 		}
-		free(tarcommand);
+		free(param1);
+		free(param2);
+
 		// gzip
-		string_or_die(&tarcommand, TAR_COMMAND " --directory=%s " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -zcf %s/%i/files/%s.tar.gz %s",
-			      empty, outdir, file->last_change, file->hash, file->hash);
-		if (system(tarcommand) != 0) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", tarcommand);
+		string_or_die(&param1, "--directory=%s", empty);
+		string_or_die(&param2, "%s/%i/files/%s.tar.gz", outdir, file->last_change, file->hash);
+		char *const targzipcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, param1, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-zcf", param2, file->hash, NULL };
+
+		if (system_argv(targzipcmd) != 0) {
 			assert(0);
 		}
-		free(tarcommand);
+		free(param1);
+		free(param2);
+
 #ifdef SWUPD_WITH_BZIP2
-		string_or_die(&tarcommand, TAR_COMMAND " --directory=%s " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -jcf %s/%i/files/%s.tar.bz2 %s",
-			      empty, outdir, file->last_change, file->hash, file->hash);
-		if (system(tarcommand) != 0) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", tarcommand);
+		string_or_die(&param1, "--directory=%s", empty);
+		string_or_die(&param2, "%s/%i/files/%s.tar.bz2", outdir, file->last_change, file->hash);
+		char *const tarbzip2cmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, param1, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-jcf", param2, file->hash, NULL };
+
+		if (system_argv(tarbzip2cmd) != 0) {
 			assert(0);
 		}
-		free(tarcommand);
+		free(param1);
+		free(param2);
+
 #endif

 		/* step 2b: pick the smallest of the three compression formats */
@@ -303,17 +322,14 @@ void create_fullfiles(struct manifest *manifest)
 {
 	GList *deduped_file_list;
 	char *path;
-	char *cmd;
 	char *conf, *empty;

 	empty = config_empty_dir();

-	string_or_die(&cmd, "rm -rf %s", empty);
-	if (system(cmd) != 0) {
-		LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", cmd);
+	char *const rmcmd[] = { "rm", "-rf", empty, NULL };
+	if (system_argv(rmcmd) != 0) {
 		assert(0);
 	}
-	free(cmd);
 	g_mkdir_with_parents(empty, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH);
 	free(empty);

@@ -21,19 +21,19 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

 int newversion = -1;
 int minversion = 0;
-char *format_string = NULL;
+unsigned long long int format = 0;
 bool enable_signing = false;

 char *state_dir = NULL;
@@ -41,20 +41,17 @@ char *packstage_dir = NULL;
 char *image_dir = NULL;
 char *staging_dir = NULL;

-bool set_format_string(char *userinput)
+bool set_format(char *userinput)
 {
-	int version;
+	unsigned long long int user_format;

-	// expect a positive integer
+	// format string shall be a positive integer
 	errno = 0;
-	version = strtoull(userinput, NULL, 10);
-	if ((errno < 0) || (version <= 0)) {
+	user_format = strtoull(userinput, NULL, 10);
+	if ((errno < 0) || (user_format == 0)) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (format_string) {
-		free(format_string);
-	}
-	string_or_die(&format_string, "%d", version);
+	format = user_format;

 	return true;
 }
@@ -81,8 +78,9 @@ bool set_state_dir(char *dir)

 bool init_globals(void)
 {
-	if (format_string == NULL) {
-		string_or_die(&format_string, "%d", SWUPD_DEFAULT_FORMAT);
+	if (format == 0) {
+		printf("Error: Missing format parameter. Please specify a format with -F.\n");
+		return false;
 	}

 	if (!init_state_globals()) {
@@ -101,7 +99,6 @@ bool init_globals(void)

 void free_globals(void)
 {
-	free(format_string);
 	free(state_dir);
 	free(packstage_dir);
 	free(image_dir);
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 *
 */

+#include <assert.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <glib.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -21,19 +21,18 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -102,22 +101,27 @@ void string_or_die(char **strp, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_list ap;

 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	if (vasprintf(strp, fmt, ap) <= 0) {
+	if (vasprintf(strp, fmt, ap) < 0) {
 		assert(0);
 	}
 	va_end(ap);
 }

-void print_elapsed_time(struct timeval *previous_time, struct timeval *current_time)
+/* "step" should be a descriptive string for the process that completed before
+ * this function is called */
+void print_elapsed_time(const char *step, struct timeval *previous_time,
+			struct timeval *current_time)
 {
 	char *elapsed;

+	assert(strlen(step) > 0);
+
 	gettimeofday(current_time, NULL);
 	elapsed = get_elapsed_time(previous_time, current_time);
 	if (strcmp(elapsed, " ") == 0) {
-		printf("\t~0.0 elapsed for Manifest.full creation\n");
+		printf("\t~0.0 elapsed for '%s' step\n", step);
 	} else {
-		printf("\t%s elapsed for full chroot creation\n", elapsed);
+		printf("\t%s elapsed for '%s' step\n", elapsed, step);
 	}
 	previous_time->tv_sec = current_time->tv_sec;
 	previous_time->tv_usec = current_time->tv_usec;
@@ -149,7 +153,7 @@ int system_argv(char *const argv[])
 {
 	int child_exit_status;
 	pid_t pid;
-	int status;
+	int status = -1;

 	pid = fork();

@@ -182,9 +186,93 @@ int system_argv(char *const argv[])
 			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", cmdline);
 			free(cmdline);
 		}
-
-		return status;
 	}
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+int system_argv_fd(char *const argv[], int newstdin, int newstdout, int newstderr)
+{
+	int child_exit_status;
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status = -1;
+
+	pid = fork();
+
+	if (pid == 0) { /* child */
+		if (newstdin >= 0) {
+			if (dup2(newstdin, STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
+				LOG(NULL, "Could not redirect stdin", "");
+				assert(0);
+			}
+			close(newstdin);
+		}
+		if (newstdout >= 0) {
+			if (dup2(newstdout, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
+				LOG(NULL, "Could not redirect stdout", "");
+				assert(0);
+			}
+			close(newstdout);
+		}
+		if (newstderr >= 0) {
+			if (dup2(newstderr, STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
+				LOG(NULL, "Could not redirect stderr", "");
+				assert(0);
+			}
+			close(newstderr);
+		}
+
+		execvp(*argv, argv);
+		LOG(NULL, "This line must not be reached", "");
+		assert(0);
+	} else if (pid < 0) {
+		LOG(NULL, "Failed to fork a child process", "");
+		assert(0);
+	} else {
+		pid_t ws = waitpid(pid, &child_exit_status, 0);
+
+		if (ws == -1) {
+			LOG(NULL, "Failed to wait for child process", "");
+			assert(0);
+		}
+
+		if (WIFEXITED(child_exit_status)) {
+			status = WEXITSTATUS(child_exit_status);
+		} else {
+			LOG(NULL, "Child process didn't exit", "");
+			assert(0);
+		}
+
+		if (status != 0) {
+			char *cmdline = NULL;
+
+			concat_str_array(&cmdline, argv);
+			LOG(NULL, "Failed to run command:", "%s", cmdline);
+			free(cmdline);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+int system_argv_pipe(char *const argvp1[], int stdinp1, int stderrp1,
+		     char *const argvp2[], int stdoutp2, int stderrp2)
+{
+	int statusp2;
+	int pipefd[2];
+
+	if (pipe(pipefd)) {
+		LOG(NULL, "Failed to create a pipe", "");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	system_argv_fd(argvp1, stdinp1, pipefd[1], stderrp1);
+	close(pipefd[1]);
+	statusp2 = system_argv_fd(argvp2, pipefd[0], stdoutp2, stderrp2);
+	close(pipefd[0]);
+
+	/* Returns the status of the failed process if any
+       If both processes failed returns the status of first one */
+	return statusp2;
 }

 void check_root(void)
@@ -21,13 +21,12 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -38,11 +37,12 @@ static FILE *logfile;

 static struct timeval start_time;

-void init_log(int version)
+void init_log(const char *prefix, const char *bundle, int start, int end)
 {
-	char filename[4096];
-	sprintf(filename, "swupd-server.log.%i", version);
+	char *filename;
+	string_or_die(&filename, "%s%s-from-%i-to-%i.log", prefix, bundle, start, end);
 	logfile = fopen(filename, "w");
+	free(filename);
 	gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);
 }
 void init_log_stdout(void)
@@ -21,13 +21,12 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include <getopt.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -113,6 +112,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

+	init_log("swupd-make-fullfiles", "", 0, version);
+
 	manifest = manifest_from_file(version, "full");
 	create_fullfiles(manifest);

@@ -21,20 +21,18 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <getopt.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
-
-#include <getopt.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -116,10 +114,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	banner();
 	check_root();

-	/* FIXME: should use "end_version" not "0" and a unique filename
-	init_log(0);
-	*/
-
 	/* Initilize the crypto signature module */
 	if (!signature_initialize()) {
 		printf("Can't initialize the crypto signature module!\n");
@@ -141,6 +135,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}

+	init_log("swupd-make-pack-", module, start_version, end_version);
+
 	printf("Making pack-%s %i to %li\n", module, start_version, end_version);

 	pack = calloc(1, sizeof(struct packdata));
@@ -23,19 +23,17 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <bsdiff.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <bsdiff.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"
 #include "xattrs.h"
@@ -101,6 +99,7 @@ struct manifest *alloc_manifest(int version, char *component)

 	manifest->version = version;
 	manifest->component = strdup(component);
+	manifest->format = format;

 	return manifest;
 }
@@ -108,11 +107,13 @@ struct manifest *alloc_manifest(int version, char *component)
 struct manifest *manifest_from_file(int version, char *component)
 {
 	FILE *infile;
+	GList *includes = NULL;
 	char line[8192], *c, *c2;
 	int count = 0;
 	struct manifest *manifest;
 	char *filename, *conf;
 	int previous = 0;
+	unsigned long long int format_number;

 	conf = config_output_dir();
 	if (conf == NULL) {
@@ -144,7 +145,9 @@ struct manifest *manifest_from_file(int version, char *component)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	c = &line[9];
-	if (strtoull(c, NULL, 10) == 0) {
+	format_number = strtoull(c, NULL, 10);
+	if ((errno < 0) || (format_number == 0)) {
+		//format string shall be a positive integer
 		printf("Unknown file format version in MANIFEST line: %s\n", c);
 		fclose(infile);
 		return NULL;
@@ -178,10 +181,18 @@ struct manifest *manifest_from_file(int version, char *component)
 		if (strncmp(line, "previous:", 9) == 0) {
 			previous = strtoull(c, NULL, 10);
 		}
+		if (strncmp(line, "includes:", 9) == 0) {
+			includes = g_list_prepend(includes, strdup(c));
+			if (!includes->data) {
+				abort();
+			}
+		}
 	}

 	manifest = alloc_manifest(version, component);
+	manifest->format = format_number;
 	manifest->prevversion = previous;
+	manifest->includes = includes;

 	/* empty line */
 	while (!feof(infile)) {
@@ -509,29 +520,57 @@ int match_manifests(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2)
 	return count;
 }

-/* removes all files from m2 from m1 */
+static GList *get_unique_includes(struct manifest *manifest)
+{
+	GHashTable *unique_includes = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+	GHashTableIter iter;
+	GList *includes = NULL;
+	GList *l1, *l2;
+	gpointer k, v;
+
+	l1 = g_list_first(manifest->includes);
+	while (l1) {
+		struct manifest *m = l1->data;
+		l1 = g_list_next(l1);
+		(void)g_hash_table_replace(unique_includes, m->component, m);
+		l2 = get_unique_includes(m);
+		while (l2) {
+			struct manifest *m = l2->data;
+			l2 = g_list_next(l2);
+			(void)g_hash_table_replace(unique_includes, m->component, m);
+		}
+		g_list_free(l2);
+	}
+	g_hash_table_iter_init(&iter, unique_includes);
+	while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&iter, &k, &v)) {
+		includes = g_list_prepend(includes, v);
+	}
+
+	return includes;
+}
+
+/*
+ * removes all files from m2 from m1
+ * This will recurse over all included manifests to also
+ * subtract those from the m1 manifest.
+ *
+ * As a special convenient semantics,
+ * subtract_manifests(M, M)
+ * will subtract all included manifests from M,
+ * but will not subtract M from M itself.
+ */
 void subtract_manifests(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2)
 {
 	GList *list1, *list2;
 	struct file *file1, *file2;

-	if (!m1) {
-		printf("Subtracting manifests failed: No m1 manifest!\n");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (!m2) {
-		printf("Subtracting manifests failed: No m2 manifest!\n");
-		return;
-	}
-
 	m1->files = g_list_sort(m1->files, file_sort_filename);
 	m2->files = g_list_sort(m2->files, file_sort_filename);

 	list1 = g_list_first(m1->files);
 	list2 = g_list_first(m2->files);

-	while (list1 && list2) {
+	while (list1 && list2 && m1 != m2) {
 		int ret;
 		file1 = list1->data;
 		file2 = list2->data;
@@ -546,15 +585,37 @@ void subtract_manifests(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2)
 			if (file1->is_deleted == file2->is_deleted && file1->is_file == file2->is_file) {
 				m1->files = g_list_delete_link(m1->files, todel);
 				m1->count--;
-				continue;
 			}
-		}
-
-		if (ret < 0) {
+		} else if (ret < 0) {
 			list1 = g_list_next(list1);
-			continue;
+		} else {
+			list2 = g_list_next(list2);
 		}
-		list2 = g_list_next(list2);
+	}
+}
+
+void subtract_manifests_frontend(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2)
+{
+	GList *includes;
+	struct manifest *m;
+
+	if (!m1) {
+		printf("Subtracting manifests failed: No m1 manifest!\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!m2) {
+		printf("Subtracting manifests failed: No m2 manifest!\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	subtract_manifests(m1, m2);
+
+	includes = get_unique_includes(m2);
+	while (includes) {
+		m = includes->data;
+		includes = g_list_next(includes);
+		subtract_manifests(m1, m);
 	}
 }

@@ -660,6 +721,7 @@ exit:
 /* Returns 0 == success, -1 == failure */
 static int write_manifest_plain(struct manifest *manifest)
 {
+	GList *includes;
 	GList *list;
 	struct file *file;
 	FILE *out = NULL;
@@ -667,6 +729,8 @@ static int write_manifest_plain(struct manifest *manifest)
 	char *conf = config_output_dir();
 	char *filename = NULL;
 	char *submanifest_filename = NULL;
+	char *manifest_tempdir = NULL;
+	char *tempmanifest = NULL;
 	int ret = -1;

 	if (conf == NULL) {
@@ -690,13 +754,19 @@ static int write_manifest_plain(struct manifest *manifest)
 		goto exit;
 	}

-	fprintf(out, "MANIFEST\t%s\n", format_string);
+	fprintf(out, "MANIFEST\t%llu\n", format);
 	fprintf(out, "version:\t%i\n", manifest->version);
 	fprintf(out, "previous:\t%i\n", manifest->prevversion);
 	fprintf(out, "filecount:\t%i\n", manifest->count);
 	fprintf(out, "timestamp:\t%i\n", (int)time(NULL));
 	compute_content_size(manifest);
 	fprintf(out, "contentsize:\t%llu\n", (long long unsigned int)manifest->contentsize);
+	includes = manifest->includes;
+	while (includes) {
+		struct manifest *sub = includes->data;
+		includes = g_list_next(includes);
+		fprintf(out, "includes:\t%s\n", sub->component);
+	}
 	fprintf(out, "\n");

 	list = g_list_first(manifest->files);
@@ -708,24 +778,61 @@ static int write_manifest_plain(struct manifest *manifest)
 	}

 	list = g_list_first(manifest->manifests);
+	string_or_die(&manifest_tempdir, "%s/XXXXXX", state_dir);
+	if (!mkdtemp(manifest_tempdir)) {
+		LOG(NULL, "Failed to create temporary directory %s for untarring Manifests", manifest_tempdir);
+		assert(0);
+	}
+
 	while (list) {
 		file = list->data;
 		list = g_list_next(list);

 		string_or_die(&submanifest_filename, "%s/%i/Manifest.%s", conf, file->last_change, file->filename);
 		populate_file_struct(file, submanifest_filename);
-		ret = compute_hash(file, submanifest_filename);
+
+		if (file->is_deleted) {
+			goto write_entry;
+		}
+
+		char *param1, *param2;
+
+		/* Untar the Manifest.BUNDLE.tar and calculate the hash on that,
+		 * otherwise we may get incorrect hashes due to owner permissions on
+		 * the files. */
+		string_or_die(&param1, "%s", manifest_tempdir);
+		string_or_die(&param2, "%s.tar", submanifest_filename);
+		char *const tarcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, "-C", param1, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-xf", param2, NULL };
+		ret = system_argv(tarcmd);
+		free(param1);
+		free(param2);
+
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			assert(0);
+		}
+
+		string_or_die(&tempmanifest, "%s/Manifest.%s", manifest_tempdir, file->filename);
+		populate_file_struct(file, tempmanifest);
+		ret = compute_hash(file, tempmanifest);
 		if (ret != 0) {
 			printf("Hash computation failed\n");
 			assert(0);
 		}
-
+		unlink(tempmanifest);
+		free(tempmanifest);
+	write_entry:
 		fprintf(out, "%s\t%s\t%i\t%s\n", file_type_to_string(file), file->hash, file->last_change, file->filename);
 		free(submanifest_filename);
 	}

 	ret = 0;
 exit:
+	if (manifest_tempdir) {
+		if (rmdir(manifest_tempdir) != 0) {
+			LOG(NULL, "rmdir failed for %s: %s", manifest_tempdir, strerror(errno));
+		}
+		free(manifest_tempdir);
+	}
 	if (out) {
 		fclose(out);
 	}
@@ -739,34 +846,37 @@ exit:
 static int write_manifest_tar(struct manifest *manifest)
 {
 	char *conf = config_output_dir();
-	char *tarcmd = NULL;
-	int ret = -1;
+	char *directory, *manifesttar, *manifestcomp, *manifestsigned;
+	int ret = 0;

 	if (conf == NULL) {
 		assert(0);
 	}

+	string_or_die(&directory, "--directory=%s/%i", conf, manifest->version);
+	string_or_die(&manifesttar, "%s/%i/Manifest.%s.tar", conf, manifest->version, manifest->component);
+	string_or_die(&manifestcomp, "Manifest.%s", manifest->component);
+	string_or_die(&manifestsigned, "Manifest.%s.signed", manifest->component);
+
 	/* now, tar the thing up for efficient full file download */
 	/* and put the signature of the plain manifest into the archive, too */
 	if (enable_signing) {
-		string_or_die(&tarcmd, TAR_COMMAND " --directory=%s/%i " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -Jcf "
-				       "%s/%i/Manifest.%s.tar Manifest.%s Manifest.%s.signed",
-			      conf, manifest->version, conf, manifest->version, manifest->component,
-			      manifest->component, manifest->component);
+		char *const tarcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, directory, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-Jcf",
+					 manifesttar, manifestcomp, manifestsigned, NULL };
+		ret = system_argv(tarcmd);
 	} else {
-		string_or_die(&tarcmd, TAR_COMMAND " --directory=%s/%i " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -Jcf "
-				       "%s/%i/Manifest.%s.tar Manifest.%s",
-			      conf, manifest->version, conf, manifest->version, manifest->component,
-			      manifest->component);
+		char *const tarcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, directory, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-Jcf",
+					 manifesttar, manifestcomp, NULL };
+		ret = system_argv(tarcmd);
+	}
+	if (ret) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Creation of Manifest.tar failed\n");
 	}

-	if (system(tarcmd) != 0) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Creation of Manifest.tar failed\n");
-		goto exit;
-	}
-	ret = 0;
-exit:
-	free(tarcmd);
+	free(directory);
+	free(manifesttar);
+	free(manifestcomp);
+	free(manifestsigned);
 	free(conf);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -814,6 +924,115 @@ void sort_manifest_by_version(struct manifest *manifest)
 	}
 }

+bool manifest_includes(struct manifest *manifest, char *component)
+{
+	GList *includes = g_list_first(manifest->includes);
+
+	while (includes) {
+		if (strcmp(((struct manifest *)includes->data)->component,
+			   component) == 0) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		includes = g_list_next(includes);
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* This requires the manifest to have the includes sorted.
+ * The manifests will be sorted when constructed from
+ * get_sub_manifest_includes (and then replacing the manifest
+ * strings with actual manifest structs in the same order as
+ * is done in the main.c's main()).
+ */
+bool changed_includes(struct manifest *old, struct manifest *new)
+{
+	GList *includes_old = g_list_first(old->includes);
+	GList *includes_new = g_list_first(new->includes);
+
+	if (g_list_length(includes_old) != g_list_length(includes_new)) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	while (includes_old && includes_new) {
+		char *bundle_old = ((struct manifest *)includes_old->data)->component;
+		char *bundle_new = ((struct manifest *)includes_new->data)->component;
+		if (strcmp(bundle_old, bundle_new) != 0) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		includes_old = g_list_next(includes_old);
+		includes_new = g_list_next(includes_new);
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* For a format bump, it's convenient to remove deleted files from manifests
+ * that last changed prior to the format bump, since they are no longer
+ * considered for deletion as part of an update.
+ *
+ * Note: this function should be called after match_manifests().
+ */
+int remove_old_deleted_files(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2)
+{
+	GList *list1, *list2;
+	struct file *file1, *file2;
+	int count = 0;
+
+	if (!m1) {
+		printf("No old manifest!\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!m2) {
+		printf("No new manifest!\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* This is the common case, so bail early, reporting no deletions */
+	if (m1->format == m2->format) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* At this point, the manifest formats mismatch, and it's assumed that
+	 * m1 is the old manifest, and m2 is the new.
+	 */
+
+	m1->files = g_list_sort(m1->files, file_sort_filename);
+	m2->files = g_list_sort(m2->files, file_sort_filename);
+
+	list1 = g_list_first(m1->files);
+	list2 = g_list_first(m2->files);
+
+	while (list1 && list2) {
+		int ret;
+		file1 = list1->data;
+		file2 = list2->data;
+
+		ret = strcmp(file1->filename, file2->filename);
+		if (ret == 0) {
+			if (file1->is_deleted && file2->is_deleted) {
+				GList *to_delete = list2;
+				list1 = g_list_next(list1);
+				list2 = g_list_next(list2);
+				m2->files = g_list_delete_link(m2->files, to_delete);
+				m2->count--;
+				count++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			list1 = g_list_next(list1);
+			list2 = g_list_next(list2);
+		} else if (ret < 0) {
+			list1 = g_list_next(list1);
+		} else {
+			list2 = g_list_next(list2);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
 /* Conditionally remove some things from a manifest.
 * Returns > 0 when the pruned manifest has new files.
 * Returns 0 when the pruned manifest no longer has new files.
@@ -1004,7 +1223,7 @@ static void maximize_version_manifests(struct manifest *m1, struct manifest *m2)

 		ret = strcmp(file1->filename, file2->filename);
 		if (ret == 0) {
-			if (file1->last_change > file2->last_change) {
+			if (!file1->is_deleted && file1->last_change > file2->last_change) {
 				LOG(file1, "Update", "Moving %s to version %i", file1->filename, file1->last_change);
 				file2->last_change = file1->last_change;
 			}
@@ -24,38 +24,35 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

 static void empty_pack_stage(int full, int from_version, int to_version, char *module)
 {
-	char *cmd;
+	char *param;
 	char *path;
-	int ret;

 	// clean any stale data (eg: re-run after a failure)
-	string_or_die(&cmd, "rm -rf %s/%s/%i_to_%i/", packstage_dir, module,
-		      from_version, to_version);
-	ret = system(cmd);
-	if (ret) {
+	string_or_die(&param, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/", packstage_dir, module, from_version, to_version);
+	char *const rmcmd[] = { "rm", "-fr", param, NULL };
+	if (system_argv(rmcmd) != 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to clean %s/%s/%i_to_%i\n",
 			packstage_dir, module, from_version, to_version);
-		free(cmd);
+		free(param);
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	free(cmd);
+	free(param);

 	if (!full) {
 		// (re)create module/version/{delta,staged}
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ static void explode_pack_stage(int from_version, int to_version, char *module)
 	}
 	free(path);
 	while (1) {
-		char *path, *tar;
+		char *path, *param;
 		int ret;

 		entry = readdir(dir);
@@ -118,14 +115,12 @@ static void explode_pack_stage(int from_version, int to_version, char *module)
 		 * the resulting pack is slightly smaller, and in addition, we're saving CPU
 		 * time on the client...
 		 */
-		string_or_die(&tar, TAR_COMMAND " --directory=%s/%s/%i_to_%i/staged " TAR_WARN_ARGS " "
-			            TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " -xf %s",
-			      packstage_dir, module, from_version, to_version, path);
-		ret = system(tar);
-		if (!ret) {
+		string_or_die(&param, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/staged", packstage_dir, module, from_version, to_version);
+		char *const tarcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, "-C", param, TAR_WARN_ARGS, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "-xf", path, NULL };
+		if (system_argv(tarcmd) == 0) {
 			unlink(path);
 		}
-		free(tar);
+		free(param);
 		free(path);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
@@ -168,21 +163,44 @@ static void make_pack_full_files(struct packdata *pack)
 		item = g_list_next(item);
 		if ((!file->peer || file->peer->is_deleted) && !file->is_deleted && !file->rename_peer) {
 			char *from, *to;
+			char *fullfrom, *fullto;
+
 			/* hardlink each file that is in <end> but not in <X> */
+			string_or_die(&fullfrom, "%s/%i/full/%s", image_dir, file->last_change, file->filename);
+			string_or_die(&fullto, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/staged/%s", packstage_dir,
+				      pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, file->hash);
 			string_or_die(&from, "%s/%i/files/%s.tar", staging_dir, file->last_change, file->hash);
 			string_or_die(&to, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/staged/%s.tar", packstage_dir,
 				      pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, file->hash);
-			ret = link(from, to);
-			if (ret) {
-				if (errno != EEXIST) {
-					LOG(NULL, "Failure to link", "%s to %s (%s) %i", from, to, strerror(errno), errno);
+
+			ret = -1;
+			errno = 0;
+
+			/* Prefer to hardlink uncompressed files (excluding
+			 * directories) first, and fall back to the compressed
+			 * versions if the hardlink fails.
+			 */
+			if (!file->is_dir) {
+				ret = link(fullfrom, fullto);
+				if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
+					LOG(NULL, "Failure to link for fullfile pack", "%s to %s (%s) %i", fullfrom, fullto, strerror(errno), errno);
 				}
-			} else {
+			}
+			if (ret) {
+				ret = link(from, to);
+				if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
+					LOG(NULL, "Failure to link for fullfile pack", "%s to %s (%s) %i", from, to, strerror(errno), errno);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (ret == 0) {
 				pack->fullcount++;
 			}

 			free(from);
 			free(to);
+			free(fullfrom);
+			free(fullto);
 		}
 	}

@@ -236,8 +254,8 @@ static GList *consolidate_packs_delta_files(GList *files, struct packdata *pack)
 			continue;
 		}

-		string_or_die(&from, "%s/%i/delta/%i-%i-%s", staging_dir, file->last_change,
-			      file->peer->last_change, file->last_change, file->hash);
+		string_or_die(&from, "%s/%i/delta/%i-%i-%s-%s", staging_dir, file->last_change,
+			      file->peer->last_change, file->last_change, file->peer->hash, file->hash);

 		ret = stat(from, &stat_delta);
 		if (ret && !find_file_in_list(files, file)) {
@@ -256,7 +274,7 @@ static void create_delta(gpointer data, __unused__ gpointer user_data)

 	/* if the file was not found in the from version, skip delta creation */
 	if (file->peer) {
-		__create_delta(file, file->peer->last_change);
+		__create_delta(file, file->peer->last_change, file->peer->hash);
 	}
 }

@@ -313,7 +331,7 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)
 	GList *item;
 	struct file *file;
 	int ret;
-	char *tar;
+	char *param1, *param2;
 	double penalty;

 	LOG(NULL, "make_final_pack", "%s: %i to %i", pack->module, pack->from, pack->to);
@@ -321,7 +339,7 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)
 	item = g_list_first(pack->end_manifest->files);

 	while (item) {
-		char *from, *to, *tarfrom, *tarto;
+		char *from, *to, *tarfrom, *tarto, *fullfrom, *fullto;
 		struct stat stat_delta, stat_tar;

 		file = item->data;
@@ -335,15 +353,18 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)

 		/* for each file changed since <X> */
 		/* locate delta, check if the diff it's from is >= <X> */
-		string_or_die(&from, "%s/%i/delta/%i-%i-%s", staging_dir, file->last_change,
-			      file->peer->last_change, file->last_change, file->hash);
-		string_or_die(&to, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/delta/%i-%i-%s", packstage_dir,
+		string_or_die(&from, "%s/%i/delta/%i-%i-%s-%s", staging_dir, file->last_change,
+			      file->peer->last_change, file->last_change, file->peer->hash, file->hash);
+		string_or_die(&to, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/delta/%i-%i-%s-%s", packstage_dir,
 			      pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, file->peer->last_change,
-			      file->last_change, file->hash);
+			      file->last_change, file->peer->hash, file->hash);
 		string_or_die(&tarfrom, "%s/%i/files/%s.tar", staging_dir,
 			      file->last_change, file->hash);
 		string_or_die(&tarto, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/staged/%s.tar", packstage_dir,
 			      pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, file->hash);
+		string_or_die(&fullfrom, "%s/%i/full/%s", image_dir, file->last_change, file->filename);
+		string_or_die(&fullto, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/staged/%s", packstage_dir,
+			      pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, file->hash);

 		ret = stat(from, &stat_delta);
 		if (ret) {
@@ -375,13 +396,28 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
-			/* include full file in pack */
-			ret = link(tarfrom, tarto);
-			if (ret) {
-				if (errno != EEXIST) {
-					LOG(NULL, "Failure to link", "%s to %s (%s) %i\n", tarfrom, tarto, strerror(errno), errno);
+			ret = -1;
+			errno = 0;
+
+			/* Prefer to hardlink uncompressed files (excluding
+			 * directories) first, and fall back to the compressed
+			 * versions if the hardlink fails.
+			 */
+			if (!file->is_dir) {
+				ret = link(fullfrom, fullto);
+				if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
+					LOG(NULL, "Failure to link for final pack", "%s to %s (%s) %i\n", fullfrom, fullto, strerror(errno), errno);
 				}
-			} else {
+			}
+
+			if (ret) {
+				ret = link(tarfrom, tarto);
+				if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
+					LOG(NULL, "Failure to link for final pack", "%s to %s (%s) %i\n", tarfrom, tarto, strerror(errno), errno);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (ret == 0) {
 				pack->fullcount++;
 			}
 		}
@@ -390,6 +426,8 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)
 		free(to);
 		free(tarfrom);
 		free(tarto);
+		free(fullfrom);
+		free(fullto);
 	}

 	if (pack->fullcount > 0) {
@@ -397,6 +435,8 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)
 		explode_pack_stage(pack->from, pack->to, pack->module);
 	}

+	char *bundle_delta = NULL;
+
 	/* now... link in the Manifest pack */
 	if (pack->from != 0) {
 		char *from, *to;
@@ -411,20 +451,23 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)
 			create_manifest_delta(pack->from, pack->to, pack->module);
 		}

-
 		string_or_die(&to, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/Manifest-%s-delta-from-%i", packstage_dir,
 			      pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, pack->module, pack->from);

 		ret = link(from, to);
 		if (ret) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to link", "Manifest-delta-from-%i", pack->from);
+			LOG(NULL, "Failed to link", "Manifest-%s-delta-from-%i (%s)", pack->module, pack->from, strerror(errno));
+		} else {
+			string_or_die(&bundle_delta, "Manifest-%s-delta-from-%i", pack->module, pack->from);
 		}

 		free(from);
 		free(to);
 	}

-	/* now... link in the MoM Manifest into the base pack */
+	char *mom_delta = NULL;
+
+	/* now... link in the MoM Manifest into the os-core pack */
 	if ((pack->from != 0) && (strcmp(pack->module, "os-core") == 0)) {
 		char *from, *to;
 		struct stat st;
@@ -442,7 +485,9 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)

 		ret = link(from, to);
 		if (ret) {
-			LOG(NULL, "Failed to link", "Manifest-delta-from-%i", pack->from);
+			LOG(NULL, "Failed to link", "Manifest-MoM-delta-from-%i (%s)", pack->from, strerror(errno));
+		} else {
+			string_or_die(&mom_delta, "Manifest-MoM-delta-from-%i", pack->from);
 		}

 		free(from);
@@ -451,15 +496,15 @@ static int make_final_pack(struct packdata *pack)

 	/* tar the staging directory up */
 	LOG(NULL, "starting tar for pack", "%s: %i to %i", pack->module, pack->from, pack->to);
-	string_or_die(&tar, TAR_COMMAND " " TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS " --directory=%s/%s/%i_to_%i/ "
-		            "--numeric-owner -Jcf %s/%i/pack-%s-from-%i.tar delta staged",
-		      packstage_dir, pack->module, pack->from, pack->to, staging_dir, pack->to,
-		      pack->module, pack->from);
-	ret = system(tar);
-	free(tar);
+	string_or_die(&param1, "%s/%s/%i_to_%i/", packstage_dir, pack->module, pack->from, pack->to);
+	string_or_die(&param2, "%s/%i/pack-%s-from-%i.tar", staging_dir, pack->to, pack->module, pack->from);
+	char *const tarcmd[] = { TAR_COMMAND, "-C", param1, TAR_PERM_ATTR_ARGS_STRLIST, "--numeric-owner", "-Jcf", param2, "delta", "staged", bundle_delta, mom_delta, NULL };
+	ret = system_argv(tarcmd);
+	free(param1);
+	free(param2);
 	LOG(NULL, "finished tar for pack", "%s: %i to %i", pack->module, pack->from, pack->to);
 	/* FIXME: this is a hack workaround, needs diagnosed and removed */
-	if ((ret != 0) && (ret != 256)) {
+	if ((ret != 0) && (ret != 1)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected return value (%d) creating tar of pack %s from %i to %i\n",
 			ret, pack->module, pack->from, pack->to);
 	} else {
@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <glib.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <err.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -29,16 +30,11 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <err.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

 static char *make_filename(const char *, const char *, const char *);

-static const char *CMD_FMT = "openssl smime -sign -in %s -binary "
-			     "-out %s.signed -outform PEM -md sha256 -inkey %s -signer %s "
-			     "-certfile %s -passin file:%s";
-
 static char *leaf_key = NULL;
 static char *leaf_cert = NULL;
 static char *ca_chain_cert = NULL;
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ void signature_terminate(void)
 */
 bool signature_sign(const char *filename)
 {
-	char *cmd = NULL;
+	char *param1, *param2;
 	int status;

 	if (!enable_signing) {
@@ -160,12 +156,18 @@ bool signature_sign(const char *filename)
 	if (!initialized) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	string_or_die(&cmd, CMD_FMT, filename, filename, leaf_key, leaf_cert,
-		      ca_chain_cert, passphrase);
-	status = system(cmd);
-	if (status) {
-		printf("Bad status %d from signing command:%s\n", status, cmd);
+	string_or_die(&param1, "%s.signed", filename);
+	string_or_die(&param2, "file:%s", passphrase);
+	char *const opensslcmd[] = { "openssl", "smime", "-sign", "-in", (char *)filename, "-binary",
+				     "-out", param1, "-outform", " PEM", "-md", "sha256", "-inkey",
+				     leaf_key, "-signer", leaf_cert, "-certfile", ca_chain_cert,
+				     "-passin", param2, NULL };
+	status = system_argv(opensslcmd);
+	if (status != 0) {
+		printf("Bad status %d from signing command\n", status);
 	}
-	free(cmd);
+	free(param1);
+	free(param2);
+
 	return status == 0;
 }
@@ -22,13 +22,12 @@
 */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include <glib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@

 #define _GNU_SOURCE

-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
-
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <glib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>

 #include "swupd.h"

@@ -127,35 +127,63 @@ void ensure_version_image_exists(int version)
 void write_cookiecrumbs_to_download_area(int version)
 {
 	char *conf;
-	char *cmd;
+	char *filename, *strformat;
+	FILE *versionfd, *formatfd;

 	conf = config_output_dir();
 	if (conf == NULL) {
 		assert(0);
 	}

-	string_or_die(&cmd, "echo %s > %s/%i/swupd-server-src-version", VERSION, conf, version);
-	if (system(cmd) != 0) {
+	string_or_die(&filename, "%s/%i/swupd-server-src-version", conf, version);
+	versionfd = fopen(filename, "w");
+	if (versionfd == NULL) {
 		assert(0);
 	}
-	free(cmd);
-
-	string_or_die(&cmd, "echo %s > %s/%i/format", format_string, conf, version);
-	if (system(cmd) != 0) {
+	if (fwrite(VERSION, 1, strlen(VERSION), versionfd) != strlen(VERSION)) {
 		assert(0);
 	}
-	free(cmd);
+	fclose(versionfd);
+	free(filename);

-/* written from pack_maker.sh */
+	string_or_die(&filename, "%s/%i/format", conf, version);
+	string_or_die(&strformat, "%llu", format);
+	formatfd = fopen(filename, "w");
+	if (formatfd == NULL) {
+		assert(0);
+	}
+	if (fwrite(strformat, 1, strlen(strformat), formatfd) != strlen(strformat)) {
+		assert(0);
+	}
+	fclose(formatfd);
+	free(filename);
+	free(strformat);
+
+/* Updating the WEBDIR/version/formatN/latest file is an operation very closely tied to a DevOps
+ * workflow and not something swupd should make a decision about.
+ *
+ * The supported format values (replacing the "N" in the path above) are:
+ *
+ * - "staging": intended for testing only
+ * - [1-+inf] (positive integer): the number that a corresponding version of swupd-client
+ *   understands to run software updates. For example, if a given swupd-client release understands
+ *   format 1, then WEBDIR/version/format1/latest contains the value of most recent release that
+ *   that swupd-client can update to.
+ *
+ * Adapt this step appropriately for your DevOps flow.
+ */
 #if 0
 	FILE *file;
 	char *fullfile = NULL;
+	char *param;

-	string_or_die(&cmd, "mkdir -p %s/version/formatstaging/", conf);
-	if (system(cmd) != 0) {
+	string_or_die($param, "%s/version/formatstaging/", conf);
+	char *const mkdircmd[] = { "mkdir", "-p", param, NULL };
+
+	if (system_argv(mkdircmd) != 0) {
 		assert(0);
 	}
-	free(cmd);
+	free(param);

 	string_or_die(&fullfile, "%s/version/formatstaging/latest", conf);
 	file = fopen(fullfile, "w");
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
 *
 */

+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/xattr.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>

 #include "swupd.h"
 #include "xattrs.h"
@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bats

+load "../swupdlib"
+
@test "create_update help output" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_create_update --help
+  run $CREATE_UPDATE --help
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
-  run $srcdir/swupd_create_update -h
+  run $CREATE_UPDATE -h
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_fullfiles help output" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles --help
+  run $MAKE_FULLFILES --help
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles -h
+  run $MAKE_FULLFILES -h
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_pack help output" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --help
+  run $MAKE_PACK --help
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack -h
+  run $MAKE_PACK -h
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+# common functions
+load "../swupdlib"
+
+setup() {
+  clean_test_dir
+  init_test_dir
+
+  init_server_ini
+  set_latest_ver 0
+  init_groups_ini os-core test-bundle1 test-bundle2
+
+  set_os_release 10 os-core
+  set_os_release 10 test-bundle1
+  set_os_release 10 test-bundle2
+  track_bundle 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 test-bundle1
+  track_bundle 10 test-bundle2
+
+  set_os_release 20 os-core
+  set_os_release 20 test-bundle1
+  set_os_release 20 test-bundle2
+  track_bundle 20 os-core
+  track_bundle 20 test-bundle1
+  track_bundle 20 test-bundle2
+
+  gen_file_plain 10 test-bundle1 foo
+  gen_file_plain 10 test-bundle2 foo
+
+  gen_file_plain 20 test-bundle1 foo
+}
+
+@test "delete no version bump update creation" {
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 10
+
+  set_latest_ver 10
+
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 20 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 20
+
+  [ 1 -eq $(grep '10	/foo' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.full | wc -l) ]
+  [ 1 -eq $(grep '10	/foo' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.full | wc -l) ]
+  [ 0 -eq $(grep '20	/foo' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.full | wc -l) ]
+}
+
+# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+# common functions
+load "../swupdlib"
+
+setup() {
+  clean_test_dir
+  init_test_dir
+
+  init_server_ini
+  set_latest_ver 0
+  init_groups_ini os-core
+
+  set_os_release 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 os-core
+
+  gen_file_plain 10 os-core "semicolon;"
+}
+
+assert_illegal_char() {
+  local output="$1"
+  local str=$(echo "Filename $2 includes illegal character(s)")
+  [[ "$output" =~ "$str" ]]
+}
+
+assert_valid_char() {
+  local output="$1"
+  local str=$(echo "Filename $2 includes illegal character(s)")
+  [[ ! "$output" =~ "$str" ]]
+}
+
+@test "file names with blacklisted characters" {
+  run sudo sh -c "$CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR --format 3"
+
+  echo "$output"
+  assert_illegal_char "$output" "/semicolon;"
+  assert_valid_char "$output" "/usr"
+}
+
+# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bats
-
-# common functions
-load swupdlib
-
-setup() {
-  DIR=$(init_web_dir "$srcdir/web-dir")
-  export DIR
-
-  init_server_ini
-  set_latest_ver 0
-  init_groups_ini os-core test-bundle
-
-  set_os_release 10 os-core
-  track_bundle 10 os-core
-  track_bundle 10 test-bundle
-  set_os_release 20 os-core
-  track_bundle 20 os-core
-  track_bundle 20 test-bundle
-
-  gen_file_to_delta 10 4096 20 4 test-bundle
-}
-
-@test "full run update creation with delta packs" {
-  # build the first version
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_create_update --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles --statedir $DIR 10
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 0 10 os-core
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 0 10 test-bundle
-
-  set_latest_ver 10
-
-  # then the second version...
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_create_update --osversion 20 --statedir $DIR
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles --statedir $DIR 20
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 0 20 os-core
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 0 20 test-bundle
-
-  # and with delta packs this time
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 10 20 os-core
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 10 20 test-bundle
-
-  # zero packs should exist (non-zero size) for both versions
-  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
-  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
-  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
-  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
-
-  # and delta packs should exist (non-zero size) for the latest version
-  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-10.tar ]
-  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-10.tar ]
-}
-
-teardown() {
-  sudo rm -rf $DIR
-}
-
-# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+# common functions
+load "../swupdlib"
+
+setup() {
+  clean_test_dir
+  init_test_dir
+
+  init_server_ini
+  set_latest_ver 0
+  init_groups_ini os-core test-bundle included included-two included-nested
+
+  set_os_release 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 test-bundle
+  set_os_release 20 os-core
+  track_bundle 20 os-core
+  track_bundle 20 test-bundle
+  track_bundle 20 included
+  track_bundle 20 included-two
+  track_bundle 20 included-nested
+
+  gen_file_to_delta 10 4096 20 4 test-bundle
+
+  gen_file_plain 10 test-bundle foo
+  gen_file_plain 10 test-bundle foobarbaz
+  gen_file_plain 20 test-bundle foo
+  gen_file_plain 20 included foo
+  gen_file_plain 20 included-two foo
+  gen_file_plain 20 included-two foobar
+  gen_file_plain 20 included-nested foobarbaz
+
+  gen_includes_file test-bundle 20 included included-two
+  gen_includes_file included 20 included-nested
+}
+
+@test "full run update creation with delta packs" {
+  # build the first version
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 10
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 10 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 10 test-bundle
+
+  set_latest_ver 10
+
+  # then the second version...
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 20 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 20
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 20 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 20 test-bundle
+
+  # and with delta packs this time
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 10 20 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 10 20 test-bundle
+
+  # zero packs should exist (non-zero size) for both versions
+  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
+
+  # and delta packs should exist (non-zero size) for the latest version
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-10.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-10.tar ]
+
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	os-core$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foo$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foobarbaz$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 0 -eq $(grep '/foobar$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	os-core$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	included$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	included-two$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^.d..	0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	20	/foo$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^.d..	0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000	20	/foobarbaz$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foo$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.included | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foo$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.included-two | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foobar$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.included-two | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foobarbaz$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.included-nested | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 6 -eq $(tar -tf $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 4 -eq $(tar -tf $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar | wc -l) ]]
+
+  # delta packs should contain appropriate delta manifests
+  [[ $(tar -tf $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-10.tar | grep '^Manifest-os-core-delta-from-10') ]]
+  [[ $(tar -tf $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-10.tar | grep '^Manifest-MoM-delta-from-10') ]]
+  [[ $(tar -tf $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-10.tar | grep '^Manifest-test-bundle-delta-from-10') ]]
+}
+
+# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bats
-
-# common functions
-load swupdlib
-
-setup() {
-  DIR=$(init_web_dir "$srcdir/web-dir")
-  export DIR
-
-  init_server_ini
-  set_latest_ver 0
-  init_groups_ini os-core test-bundle
-
-  set_os_release 10 os-core
-  set_os_release 10 test-bundle
-  track_bundle 10 os-core
-  track_bundle 10 test-bundle
-}
-
-@test "full run update creation" {
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_create_update --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles --statedir $DIR 10
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 0 10 os-core
-  sudo $srcdir/swupd_make_pack --statedir $DIR 0 10 test-bundle
-
-  # zero packs should exist (non-zero size) for the build
-  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
-  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
-}
-
-teardown() {
-  sudo rm -rf $DIR
-}
-
-# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+# common functions
+load "../swupdlib"
+
+setup() {
+  clean_test_dir
+  init_test_dir
+
+  init_server_ini
+  set_latest_ver 0
+  init_groups_ini os-core test-bundle
+
+  set_os_release 10 os-core
+  set_os_release 10 test-bundle
+  track_bundle 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 test-bundle
+
+  gen_file_plain 10 test-bundle foo
+}
+
+@test "full run update creation" {
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 10
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 10 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 10 test-bundle
+
+  # zero packs should exist (non-zero size) for the build
+  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
+
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	os-core$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr/share/clear/bundles/test-bundle$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foo$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr/share/clear/bundles/os-core$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.os-core | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.os-core | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr/lib$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.os-core | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr/share$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.os-core | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr/share/clear$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.os-core | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/usr/share/clear/bundles$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.os-core | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 4 -eq $(tar -tf $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 5 -eq $(tar -tf $DIR/www/10/pack-os-core-from-0.tar | wc -l) ]]
+}
+
+# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bats

+load "../swupdlib"
+
@test "make_fullfiles required arg" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles
+  run $MAKE_FULLFILES
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_fullfiles too many arguments" {
  # exactly one argument must be passed
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles foo bar
+  run $MAKE_FULLFILES foo bar
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_fullfiles root priv check" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_fullfiles foo
+  run $MAKE_FULLFILES foo
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
  [[ "$output" =~ "not being run as root.. exiting" ]]
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+# common functions
+load "../swupdlib"
+
+setup() {
+  clean_test_dir
+  init_test_dir
+
+  init_server_ini
+  set_latest_ver 0
+  init_groups_ini os-core test-bundle included included-two included-nested
+
+  set_os_release 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 os-core
+  track_bundle 10 test-bundle
+
+  set_os_release 20 os-core
+  track_bundle 20 os-core
+  track_bundle 20 test-bundle
+  track_bundle 20 included
+  track_bundle 20 included-two
+
+  set_os_release 30 os-core
+  track_bundle 30 os-core
+  track_bundle 30 test-bundle
+  track_bundle 30 included
+  track_bundle 30 included-two
+  track_bundle 30 included-nested
+
+  gen_file_plain 10 test-bundle foo
+  gen_file_plain 20 test-bundle foo
+  gen_file_plain 20 included bar
+  gen_file_plain 20 included-two baz
+  gen_file_plain 30 test-bundle foo
+  gen_file_plain 30 included bar
+  gen_file_plain 30 included-two baz
+  gen_file_plain 30 included-nested foobarbaz
+
+  gen_includes_file test-bundle 20 included included-two
+  gen_includes_file test-bundle 30 included included-two
+  gen_includes_file included 30 included-nested
+}
+
+@test "full run update creation with delta packs" {
+  # build the first version
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 10 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 10
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 10 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 10 test-bundle
+
+  set_latest_ver 10
+
+  # then the second version...
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 20 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 20
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 20 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 20 test-bundle
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 20 included
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 20 included-two
+
+  set_latest_ver 20
+
+  # then the third version...
+  sudo $CREATE_UPDATE --osversion 30 --statedir $DIR --format 3
+  sudo $MAKE_FULLFILES --statedir $DIR 30
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 30 os-core
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 30 test-bundle
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 30 included
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 30 included-two
+  sudo $MAKE_PACK --statedir $DIR 0 30 included-nested
+
+  # zero packs should exist (non-zero size) for both versions
+  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/10/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-included-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/20/pack-included-two-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/30/pack-os-core-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/30/pack-test-bundle-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/30/pack-included-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/30/pack-included-two-from-0.tar ]
+  [ -s $DIR/www/30/pack-included-nested-from-0.tar ]
+
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	os-core$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foo$' $DIR/www/10/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	os-core$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	included$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	included-two$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/bar$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.included | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/baz$' $DIR/www/20/Manifest.included-two | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '^includes:	included-nested$' $DIR/www/30/Manifest.included | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 1 -eq $(grep '/foobarbaz$' $DIR/www/30/Manifest.included-nested | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 0 -eq $(ls $DIR/www/30/Manifest.test-bundle | wc -l) ]]
+  [[ 0 -eq $(ls $DIR/www/30/Manifest.included-two | wc -l) ]]
+}
+
+# vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bats

+load "../swupdlib"
+
@test "make_pack required arg" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack
+  run $MAKE_PACK
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_pack too few arguments" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack foo
+  run $MAKE_PACK foo
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack foo bar
+  run $MAKE_PACK foo bar
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_pack too many arguments" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack foo bar foo bar
+  run $MAKE_PACK foo bar foo bar
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
 }

@test "make_pack root priv check" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_make_pack foo bar foo
+  run $MAKE_PACK foo bar foo
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
  [[ "$output" =~ "not being run as root.. exiting" ]]
 }
@@ -1,14 +1,28 @@
 # NOTE: source this file from a *.bats file

-init_web_dir() {
-  # absolute path is a hard requirement right now
-  local dir=$(realpath $1)
-  mkdir -p $dir/{image,www}
-  echo $dir
+# The location of the swupd_* binaries
+export SRCDIR="$BATS_TEST_DIRNAME/../../../"
+
+export CREATE_UPDATE="$SRCDIR/swupd_create_update"
+export MAKE_FULLFILES="$SRCDIR/swupd_make_fullfiles"
+export MAKE_PACK="$SRCDIR/swupd_make_pack"
+
+export DIR="$BATS_TEST_DIRNAME/web-dir"
+
+init_test_dir() {
+  local testdir="$BATS_TEST_DIRNAME"
+  mkdir -p "$testdir"/logs
+  mkdir -p $DIR/{image,www}
+  # run swupd_* inside the directory to dump the logs
+  cd "$testdir"/logs
+}
+
+clean_test_dir() {
+  sudo rm -rf $DIR "$BATS_TEST_DIRNAME"/logs
 }

 init_server_ini() {
-  cp $srcdir/server.ini $DIR
+  cp $SRCDIR/server.ini $DIR
  sed -i "s|/var/lib/update|$DIR|" $DIR/server.ini
 }

@@ -39,6 +53,18 @@ track_bundle() {
  touch $DIR/image/$ver/$bundle/usr/share/clear/bundles/$bundle
 }

+gen_includes_file() {
+  local bundle=$1
+  local ver=$2
+  local includes="${@:3}"
+  mkdir -p $DIR/www/$ver/noship
+  for b in $includes; do
+    cat >> $DIR/www/$ver/noship/"$bundle"-includes << EOF
+$b
+EOF
+  done
+}
+
 gen_file_to_delta() {
  local origver=$1
  local origsize=$2
@@ -58,4 +84,24 @@ gen_file_to_delta() {
  rm $TMP
 }

+gen_file_plain() {
+  local ver=$1
+  local bundle=$2
+  local name="$3"
+
+  # Add plain text file into a bundle
+  mkdir -p $DIR/image/$ver/$bundle
+  echo "$name" > $DIR/image/$ver/$bundle/"$name"
+}
+
+gen_file_plain_change() {
+  local ver=$1
+  local bundle=$2
+  local name="$3"
+
+  # Add plain text file into a bundle
+  mkdir -p $DIR/image/$ver/$bundle
+  echo "$ver $name" > $DIR/image/$ver/$bundle/"$name"
+}
+
 # vi: ft=sh ts=8 sw=2 sts=2 et tw=80
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bats

-@test "create_update required arg" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_create_update
+load "../swupdlib"
+
+@test "create_update required format" {
+  run $CREATE_UPDATE
+  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
+  [[ "$output" =~ "Missing format parameter" ]]
+}
+
+@test "create_update required version" {
+  run $CREATE_UPDATE -F 3
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
  [[ "$output" =~ "Missing version parameter:" ]]
 }

@test "create_update root priv check" {
-  run $srcdir/swupd_create_update -o 10
+  run $CREATE_UPDATE -F 3 -o 10
  [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
  [[ "$output" =~ "not being run as root.. exiting" ]]
 }