Split multi-boot doc into small files, updated fig refs.

Added links to Detailed Procedures in main doc.
Renamed image files and figure numbers in text.

Signed-off-by: MCamp859 <mary.camp@ptiglobal.net>
This commit is contained in:
MCamp859
2018-04-10 16:32:37 -04:00
parent 7c2269ac7c
commit df4ebae60e
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.. _multi-boot-cl:
Install the Clear Linux OS
**************************
#. Create a bootable USB drive of the |CL| installer using one of the methods
below.
* :ref:`bootable-usb-linux`
* :ref:`bootable-usb-mac`
* :ref:`bootable-usb-windows`
#. Start the |CL| installer and follow the prompts.
#. On the *Choose Installation Type* screen, choose *Manual (Advanced)*,
as shown in Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-01.png
Figure 1: |CL| installer: Choose installation type screen
.. note::
If you are not familiar with text-based installation
interfaces, here are some navigation tips:
* Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between
the options on the screen.
* Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option.
* Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead.
#. On the :guilabel:`Choose partitioning method` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Manually configure mounts and partitions`, as shown in
Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-02.png
Figure 2: |CL|: Choose partitioning method
#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda` and press :kbd:`Enter` to
go into the `cgdisk` partitioning tool. See Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-03.png
Figure 3: |CL|: Choose drive to partition
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See Figure 4.
.. _multi-boot-04:
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-04.png
Figure 4: |CL|: Create new partition
#. Accept the default first sector.
#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we
specified *50GB*. See Figure 5.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-05.png
Figure 5: |CL|: New partition size
#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`. See
Figure 6.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-06.png
Figure 6: |CL|: Set partition type
#. Name the partition :file:`CL-root`. This name makes it easier to
identify later. See Figure 7.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-07.png
Figure 7: |CL|: Name partition
#. Create a new swap partition. See Figure 8.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-08.png
Figure 8: |CL|: Create swap partition
#. Select the `free space` partition located at the bottom of the column.
#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
#. Accept the default first sector.
#. Specify the desired size of the swap partition. For this example, we
used 8GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance.
#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8200 (Linux swap)`.
#. Name the partition :file:`CL-swap`.
#. Create a new EFI partition. See Figure 9.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-09.png
Figure 9: |CL|: Create EFI partition
#. In the Partition Type column, select :guilabel:`free space` located at
the bottom of the column.
#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
#. Accept the default first sector.
#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we used
1024 MB. This partition will hold |CL|, the kernels of the other
operating systems, and their boot information. Its size depends on the
number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100MB
per operating system. For this example, we used 1024 MB.
#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`ef00 (EFI partition)`.
#. Name the partition :file:`CL-EFI`.
#. Select :guilabel:`Write` to apply the new partition table.
#. Select :guilabel:`Quit` to exit the `cgdisk` tool.
#. On the :guilabel:`Set mount points` screen, specify the mount points and
format settings as shown in Figure 10.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-10.png
Figure 10: |CL|: Set mount points
#. On the :guilabel:`User configuration` screen, select
:guilabel:`Create an administrative user`. See Figure 11.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-11.png
Figure 11: |CL|: User configuration
#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`. See Figure 12.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-12.png
Figure 12: |CL|: Add user as sudoer
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and go through
the out-of-box-experience of |CL|.
#. Log in.
#. Get root privileges.
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Add a timeout period for Systemd-Boot to wait, otherwise it will not
present the boot menu and will always boot |CL|.
.. code-block:: console
# clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20
# clr-boot-manager update
#. Reboot.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
.. _recommended swap partition sizes:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-swapspace.html
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
.. _multi-boot-mint:
Install Mint\* 18.1 “Serena” MATE
*********************************
#. Start the Mint installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Installation type` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Something else`. See Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-mint-1.png
Figure 1: Mint: Installation type
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :guilabel:`free space`. See
Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-mint-2.png
Figure 2: Mint: Add partition
#. Click the :guilabel:`+` button.
#. In the :guilabel:`Size` field, enter a value for the new partition
size. For this example, we used *40000 MB*, as shown in Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-mint-3.png
Figure 3: Mint: Configure new partition settings
#. Set :guilabel:`Use as` to :guilabel:`Ext4 journaling file system`.
#. Set the :guilabel:`Mount point` to :guilabel:`/`.
#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
#. Share the same swap partition created by |CL| with the following
steps.
#. Under :guilabel:`Device` column, select :file:`/dev/sda2`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Change`.
#. Confirm :guilabel:`Use as` is set to :guilabel:`Swap area`. See Figure 4.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-mint-4.png
Figure 4: Mint: Set swap partition
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Mint.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because `Grub`
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Mint as a boot option.
#. Boot into Mint.
#. Log in.
#. Get root permissions.
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate the Mint :file:`grub.cfg` file in the :file:`/boot/grub/` and
look for the :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The highlighted lines
identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` files, the root partition UUID,
and the additional parameters used. Use this information to create a
new Systemd-Boot entry for Mint. See Figure 5.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-mint-5.png
Figure 5: Mint: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and :file:`initrd` to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-53-generic /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for Mint. The file must contain at least these
settings:
+---------+------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+====================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program |
| | or kernel boot parameters |
+---------+------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and
any additional parameters that Mint requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi mint.conf
Add the following lines to the :file:`mint.conf` file:
.. code-block:: console
title Mint 18.1 Serena MATE
linux /vmlinuz-4.4.0-53-generic
initrd /initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic
options root=UUID=af4901e1-6238-470a-8c14-bc0f0f7715ec ro
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
.. note::
If an older version of Mint does not have the `bootctl` command,
skip this step and see :ref:`multi-boot-reset-bl` to restore the Clear
Linux Systemd-Boot boot loader.
#. Reboot.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
.. _systemd boot loader documentation:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
.. _multi-boot-reset-bl:
Recover the Clear Linux boot loader
***********************************
The installation of a new operating system or an upgrade of an existing
operating system can result in making the |CL| Systemd-Boot no
longer the default boot loader. To restore it, follow the steps below.
#. Boot the |CL| installer from a USB thumb drive. See :ref:`bootable-usb`.
#. At the introduction screen, press :kbd:`Control+Alt+F2` to bring up the
|CL| console. See Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-reset-bl-1.png
Figure 1: |CL|: Console
#. Log in as *root*.
.. note::
Logging in for the first time as *root* through the console requires
setting a new password.
#. Find the location of the |CL| EFI partition, in this example it is
:file:`/dev/sda3`. See Figure 2.
.. code-block:: console
# fdisk l
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-reset-bl-2.png
Figure 2: |CL| - fdisk -l
#. Mount the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /mnt
#. Unmount the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# umount /mnt
#. Reboot.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
.. _multi-boot-rhel:
Install Red Hat\* Enterprise Linux 7.4 Beta
*******************************************
#. Start the Red Hat installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`INSTALLATION SUMMARY` screen, choose
:guilabel:`INSTALLATION DESTINATION`. See Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-1.png
Figure 1: Red Hat: Installation summary
#. In the :guilabel:`Device Selection` section, select a drive on which to
install the OS. See Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-2.png
Figure 2: Red Hat: Installation destination
#. Under the :guilabel:`Other Storage Options` section, choose
:guilabel:`I will configure partitioning`. See Figure 2.
#. Click :guilabel:`Done`.
#. Under :menuselection:`New Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Installation --> New mount points will use the following partitioning scheme` section,
select :menuselection:`Standard Partition` from the drop down list. See
Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-3.png
Figure 3: Red Hat: New partition scheme
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Click the :menuselection:`+` button on the lower left corner.
#. Enter `/` and the new partition size. For this example, we specified 45
GB. See Figure 4.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-4.png
Figure 4: Red Hat: Create new root partition
#. Click :guilabel:`Add mount point`.
#. Share the swap partition that was created by |CL|. See Figure 5.
#. Expand :guilabel:`Unknown`.
#. Select :guilabel:`swap / sda2`.
#. Select :guilabel:`Reformat`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Update Settings`.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-5.png
Figure 5: Red Hat: Configure swap partition
#. Share the EFI partition that was created by |CL|. See Figure 6.
#. Expand :guilabel:`Unknown.`
#. Select :guilabel:`EFI System Partition / sda3`.
#. Under :guilabel:`Mount Point`, enter `/boot/efi`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Update Settings`.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-6.png
Figure 6: Red Hat: Configure EFI partition
#. Click :guilabel:`Done`.
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Red Hat.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because `Grub`
was set as the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Red Hat as a boot option:
#. Boot into Red Hat.
#. Log in.
#. Get root privilege with the following command:
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate Fedoras :file:`grub.cfg` file at the
:file:`/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/` directory and look for the primary Red
Hat :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The highlighted lines identify
the kernel and `initrd` filenames, root partition UUID, and
additional parameters used. This information is used to create a
new Systemd-Boot entry for Red Hat. See Figure 7.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-rhel-7.png
Figure 7: Red Hat: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and `initrd` to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-663.el7.x86_64 /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-663.el7.x86_64.img /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for Red Hat. The file must, at a minimum, contain
these settings:
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+===================================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program or kernel boot |
| | parameters |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and any
additional parameters that Red Hat requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi redhat.conf
Add the following lines to :file:`redhat.conf`
.. code-block:: console
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Beta
linux /vmlinuz-3.10.0-663.el7.x86\_64
initrd /initramfs-3.10.0-663.el7.x86\_64.img
options root=UUID=30655c74-6cc1-4c55-8fcc-ac8bddcea4db ro
crashkernel=auto rhgb LANG=en\_US.UTF-8
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. note::
This version of Red Hat does not support `bootctl install`. Perform
the steps in :ref:`multi-boot-reset-bl` instead.
#. Reboot.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
.. _systemd boot loader documentation:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
.. _multi-boot-sles:
Install SUSE\* Linux Enterprise 12 SP2
**************************************
#. Start the SUSE installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Suggested Partitioning` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Expert Partitioner`. See Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-sles-1.png
Figure 1: SUSE: Suggested partitioning
**Optional:** Under :guilabel:`Available Storage on Linux` section,
right-click the SUSE :file:`/home` partition and delete it. In this example, it is :file:`/dev/sda8`. See Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-sles-2.png
Figure 2: SUSE: Delete /home partition
#. Under :guilabel:`Available Storage on Linux` section, right-click the SUSE
root partition and resize it. In this example, :file:`/dev/sda7` is
resized to 45 GB. See Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-sles-3.png
Figure 3: SUSE: Resize root partition
#. Click :guilabel:`Accept`.
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of SUSE.
#. At this point, |CL| cannot boot because `Grub`
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add SUSE as a boot option:
#. Boot into SUSE.
#. Log in.
#. Get root privileges with the following command:
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate SUSEs :file:`grub.cfg` in the :file:`/boot/grub2/` directory
and look for the primary SUSE :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The
highlighted lines identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` filenames,
the root partition UUID, and the additional parameters used. Use this
information to create a new Systemd-Boot entry. See Figure 4.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-sles-4.png
Figure 4: SUSE: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and the :file:`initrd` file to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.21-69-default /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initrd-4.4.21-69-default /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for SUSE. The file must at least contain these
settings:
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+=======================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program or |
| | kernel boot parameters |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameter must specify the root partition UUID and
any additional parameters SUSE requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi suse.conf
Add the following lines to the :file:`suse.conf` file:
.. code-block:: console
title SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP2
linux /vmlinuz-4.4.21-69-default
initrd /initrd-4.4.21-69-default
options root=UUID=b9e25e98-a644-4ac3-b955-ae32800ee350 ro
resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/6a50c032-1c1e-4b4a-b799-ca365bb10dc7
splash=silent showopts crashkernel=109M,high
crashkernel=72M,low
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
.. note::
If an older version of SUSE does not have the `bootctl` command,
skip this step and see :ref:`multi-boot-reset-bl` to restore the |CL|
Systemd-Boot boot loader.
#. Reboot.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
.. _systemd boot loader documentation:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
.. _multi-boot-ubuntu:
Install Ubuntu\* 16.04 LTS Desktop
**********************************
#. Start the Ubuntu installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Installation type` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Something else`. See Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-ubuntu-1.png
Figure 1: Ubuntu: Installation type
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :guilabel:`free space`. See
Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-ubuntu-2.png
Figure 2: Ubuntu: Add partition
#. Click the :guilabel:`+` button on the lower left corner.
#. Enter the new partition size. For this example, we used *40000 MB*, as
shown in Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-ubuntu-3.png
Figure 3: Ubuntu: Configure new root partition
#. Set :guilabel:`Use as` to :guilabel:`Ext4 journaling file system`.
#. Set the :guilabel:`Mount point` to `/`.
#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Format?` column, select the new partition to be
formatted, in this example :file:`/dev/sda8`.
#. Share the same swap partition created by |CL|.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :file:`/dev/sda2`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Change`.
#. Confirm :guilabel:`Use as` is set to :guilabel:`Swap area`. See Figure 4.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-ubuntu-4.png
Figure 4: Ubuntu - Set swap partition
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Ubuntu.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because `Grub`
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Ubuntu as a boot option.
#. Boot into Ubuntu.
#. Log in.
#. Get root permissions.
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate the Ubuntu :file:`grub.cfg` file in the :file:`/boot/grub/`
directory and look for the :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The
highlighted lines identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` files, the
root partition UUID, and the additional parameters used. Use this
information to create a new Systemd-Boot entry for Ubuntu. See Figure 5.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-ubuntu-5.png
Figure 5: Ubuntu: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and :file:`initrd` to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic.efi.signed /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for Ubuntu. The file must contain at least these
settings:
+---------+------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+====================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program |
| | or kernel boot parameters |
+---------+------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and
any additional parameters that Ubuntu requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi ubuntu.conf
Add the following lines to the :file:`ubuntu.conf` file:
.. code-block:: console
title Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Desktop
linux /vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic.efi.signed
initrd /initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic
options root=UUID=17f0aa66-3467-4f99-b92c-8b2cea1045aa ro
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
.. note::
If an older version of Ubuntu does not have the `bootctl` command,
skip this step and see :ref:`multi-boot-reset-bl` to restore the |CL|
Systemd-Boot boot loader.
#. Reboot.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
.. _systemd boot loader documentation:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
.. _multi-boot-win:
Install Windows\* Server 2016
*****************************
#. Start the Windows installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Type of installation` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)`. See Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-win-1.png
Figure 1: Windows: Choose installation type
#. Select :guilabel:`Unallocated Space` and create a new partition of the
desired size. In this example, we specified 50000 MB. See Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-win-2.png
Figure 2: Windows: Create new partition
.. note::
Windows normally creates its own EFI partition (100MB) if none exists.
In this case, it sees the EFI partition created during the |CL|
installation and won't create its own.
#. Select the newly created partition and follow the remaining prompts
to complete the installation of Windows. See Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-win-3.png
Figure 3: Windows: Install on newly created partition
#. Go through the Windows out-of-box-experience process.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because Windows is the
default boot loader. See :ref:`multi-boot-reset-bl` to restore the |CL|
Systemd-Boot boot loader and add Windows to its boot menu.
If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot` for details.
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ which does not support multi-booting without manual manipulation. This
document shows how to modify the boot loader for |CL| to work with other
operating systems.
Process overview
****************
The general process to install other operating systems for a
multi-booting computer is as follows:
@@ -35,6 +38,23 @@ multi-booting computer is as follows:
This process is not guaranteed to work with all Linux distributions and
all their versions.
Detailed procedures
*******************
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
multi-boot-cl
multi-boot-win
multi-boot-rhel
multi-boot-sles
multi-boot-ubuntu
multi-boot-mint
multi-boot-reset-bl
Tested operating systems
************************
The following operating systems were tested on an Intel® NUC6i7KYK with 32GB
RAM and a 360GB SSD. Table 1 lists the information specific to the
installation of the tested operating systems.
@@ -65,7 +85,7 @@ installation of the tested operating systems.
.. note::
Updating any installed operating systems will likely result
in the |CL| Systemd-Boot no longer being the default
boot loader. To restore it, see :ref:`recover-cl-bl`.
boot loader. To restore it, see :ref:`multi-boot-reset-bl`.
.. note::
Updating any Linux installation may result in changes of their kernels or
@@ -73,834 +93,7 @@ installation of the tested operating systems.
:file:`/boot/efi/loader/entries/*.conf` files up-to-update.
Install the Clear Linux OS
**************************
#. Create a bootable USB drive of the |CL| installer using one of the methods
below.
* :ref:`bootable-usb-linux`
* :ref:`bootable-usb-mac`
* :ref:`bootable-usb-windows`
#. Start the |CL| installer and follow the prompts.
#. On the *Choose Installation Type* screen, choose *Manual (Advanced)*,
as shown in Figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-01.png
Figure 1: |CL| installer: Choose installation type screen
.. note::
If you are not familiar with text-based installation
interfaces, here are some navigation tips:
* Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between
the options on the screen.
* Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option.
* Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead.
#. On the :guilabel:`Choose partitioning method` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Manually configure mounts and partitions`, as shown in
Figure 2.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-02.png
Figure 2: |CL|: Choose partitioning method
#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda` and press :kbd:`Enter` to
go into the `cgdisk` partitioning tool. See Figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-03.png
Figure 3: |CL|: Choose drive to partition
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See Figure 4.
.. _multi-boot-04:
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-04.png
Figure 4: |CL|: Create new partition
#. Accept the default first sector.
#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we
specified *50GB*. See Figure 5.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-05.png
Figure 5: |CL|: New partition size
#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`. See
Figure 6.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-06.png
Figure 6: |CL|: Set partition type
#. Name the partition :file:`CL-root`. This name makes it easier to
identify later. See Figure 7.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-07.png
Figure 7: |CL|: Name partition
#. Create a new swap partition. See Figure 8.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-08.png
Figure 8: |CL|: Create swap partition
#. Select the `free space` partition located at the bottom of the column.
#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
#. Accept the default first sector.
#. Specify the desired size of the swap partition. For this example, we
used 8GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance.
#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8200 (Linux swap)`.
#. Name the partition :file:`CL-swap`.
#. Create a new EFI partition. See Figure 9.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-09.png
Figure 9: |CL|: Create EFI partition
#. In the Partition Type column, select :guilabel:`free space` located at
the bottom of the column.
#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
#. Accept the default first sector.
#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we used
1024 MB. This partition will hold |CL|, the kernels of the other
operating systems, and their boot information. Its size depends on the
number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100MB
per operating system. For this example, we used 1024 MB.
#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`ef00 (EFI partition)`.
#. Name the partition :file:`CL-EFI`.
#. Select :guilabel:`Write` to apply the new partition table.
#. Select :guilabel:`Quit` to exit the `cgdisk` tool.
#. On the :guilabel:`Set mount points` screen, specify the mount points and
format settings as shown in Figure 10.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-10.png
Figure 10: |CL|: Set mount points
#. On the :guilabel:`User configuration` screen, select
:guilabel:`Create an administrative user`. See Figure 11.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-11.png
Figure 11: |CL|: User configuration
#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`. See Figure 12.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-12.png
Figure 12: |CL|: Add user as sudoer
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and go through
the out-of-box-experience of |CL|.
#. Log in.
#. Get root privileges.
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Add a timeout period for Systemd-Boot to wait, otherwise it will not
present the boot menu and will always boot |CL|.
.. code-block:: console
# clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20
# clr-boot-manager update
#. Reboot.
Install Windows\* Server 2016
*****************************
#. Start the Windows installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Type of installation` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)`. See Figure 13.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-13.png
Figure 13: Windows: Choose installation type
#. Select :guilabel:`Unallocated Space` and create a new partition of the
desired size. In this example, we specified 50000 MB. See Figure 14.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-14.png
Figure 14: Windows: Create new partition
.. note::
Windows normally creates its own EFI partition (100MB) if none exists.
In this case, it sees the EFI partition created during the |CL|
installation and won't create its own.
#. Select the newly created partition and follow the remaining prompts
to complete the installation of Windows. See Figure 15.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-15.png
Figure 15: Windows: Install on newly created partition
#. Go through the Windows out-of-box-experience process.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because Windows is the
default boot loader. See :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the |CL|
Systemd-Boot boot loader and add Windows to its boot menu.
Install Red Hat\* Enterprise Linux 7.4 Beta
*******************************************
#. Start the Red Hat installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`INSTALLATION SUMMARY` screen, choose
:guilabel:`INSTALLATION DESTINATION`. See Figure 16.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-16.png
Figure 16: Red Hat: Installation summary
#. In the :guilabel:`Device Selection` section, select a drive on which to
install the OS. See Figure 17.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-17.png
Figure 17: Red Hat: Installation destination
#. Under the :guilabel:`Other Storage Options` section, choose
:guilabel:`I will configure partitioning`. See Figure 17.
#. Click :guilabel:`Done`.
#. Under :menuselection:`New Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Installation --> New mount points will use the following partitioning scheme` section,
select :menuselection:`Standard Partition` from the drop down list. See
Figure 18.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-18.png
Figure 18: Red Hat: New partition scheme
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Click the :menuselection:`+` button on the lower left corner.
#. Enter `/` and the new partition size. For this example, we specified 45
GB. See Figure 19.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-19.png
Figure 19: Red Hat: Create new root partition
#. Click :guilabel:`Add mount point`.
#. Share the swap partition that was created by |CL|. See Figure
20.
#. Expand :guilabel:`Unknown`.
#. Select :guilabel:`swap / sda2`.
#. Select :guilabel:`Reformat`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Update Settings`.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-20.png
Figure 20: Red Hat: Configure swap partition
#. Share the EFI partition that was created by |CL|. See Figure
21.
#. Expand :guilabel:`Unknown.`
#. Select :guilabel:`EFI System Partition / sda3`.
#. Under :guilabel:`Mount Point`, enter `/boot/efi`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Update Settings`.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-21.png
Figure 21: Red Hat: Configure EFI partition
#. Click :guilabel:`Done`.
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Red Hat.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because `Grub`
was set as the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Red Hat as a boot option:
#. Boot into Red Hat.
#. Log in.
#. Get root privilege with the following command:
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate Fedoras :file:`grub.cfg` file at the
:file:`/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/` directory and look for the primary Red
Hat :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The highlighted lines identify
the kernel and `initrd` filenames, root partition UUID, and
additional parameters used. This information is used to create a
new Systemd-Boot entry for Red Hat. See Figure 22.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-22.png
Figure 22: Red Hat: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and `initrd` to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-663.el7.x86_64 /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-663.el7.x86_64.img /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for Red Hat. The file must, at a minimum, contain
these settings:
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+===================================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program or kernel boot |
| | parameters |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and any
additional parameters that Red Hat requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi redhat.conf
Add the following lines to :file:`redhat.conf`
.. code-block:: console
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Beta
linux /vmlinuz-3.10.0-663.el7.x86\_64
initrd /initramfs-3.10.0-663.el7.x86\_64.img
options root=UUID=30655c74-6cc1-4c55-8fcc-ac8bddcea4db ro
crashkernel=auto rhgb LANG=en\_US.UTF-8
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. note::
This version of Red Hat does not support `bootctl install`. Perform
the steps in :ref:`recover-cl-bl` instead.
#. Reboot.
Install SUSE\* Linux Enterprise 12 SP2
**************************************
#. Start the SUSE installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Suggested Partitioning` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Expert Partitioner`. See Figure 23.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-23.png
Figure 23: SUSE: Suggested partitioning
**Optional:** Under :guilabel:`Available Storage on Linux` section,
right-click the SUSE :file:`/home` partition and delete it. In this example, it is :file:`/dev/sda8`. See Figure 24.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-24.png
Figure 24: SUSE: Delete /home partition
#. Under :guilabel:`Available Storage on Linux` section, right-click the SUSE
root partition and resize it. In this example, :file:`/dev/sda7` is
resized to 45 GB. See Figure 25.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-25.png
Figure 25: SUSE: Resize root partition
#. Click :guilabel:`Accept`.
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of SUSE.
#. At this point, |CL| cannot boot because `Grub`
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add SUSE as a boot option:
#. Boot into SUSE.
#. Log in.
#. Get root privileges with the following command:
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate SUSEs :file:`grub.cfg` in the :file:`/boot/grub2/` directory
and look for the primary SUSE :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The
highlighted lines identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` filenames,
the root partition UUID, and the additional parameters used. Use this
information to create a new Systemd-Boot entry. See Figure 26.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-26.png
Figure 26: SUSE: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and the :file:`initrd` file to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.21-69-default /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initrd-4.4.21-69-default /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for SUSE. The file must at least contain these
settings:
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+=======================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program or |
| | kernel boot parameters |
+---------+---------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameter must specify the root partition UUID and
any additional parameters SUSE requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi suse.conf
Add the following lines to the :file:`suse.conf` file:
.. code-block:: console
title SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP2
linux /vmlinuz-4.4.21-69-default
initrd /initrd-4.4.21-69-default
options root=UUID=b9e25e98-a644-4ac3-b955-ae32800ee350 ro
resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/6a50c032-1c1e-4b4a-b799-ca365bb10dc7
splash=silent showopts crashkernel=109M,high
crashkernel=72M,low
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
.. note::
If an older version of SUSE does not have the `bootctl` command,
skip this step and see :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the |CL|
Systemd-Boot boot loader.
#. Reboot.
Install Ubuntu\* 16.04 LTS Desktop
**********************************
#. Start the Ubuntu installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Installation type` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Something else`. See Figure 27.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-27.png
Figure 27: Ubuntu: Installation type
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :guilabel:`free space`. See
Figure 28.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-28.png
Figure 28: Ubuntu: Add partition
#. Click the :guilabel:`+` button on the lower left corner.
#. Enter the new partition size. For this example, we used *40000 MB*, as
shown in Figure 29.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-29.png
Figure 29: Ubuntu: Configure new root partition
#. Set :guilabel:`Use as` to :guilabel:`Ext4 journaling file system`.
#. Set the :guilabel:`Mount point` to `/`.
#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Format?` column, select the new partition to be
formatted, in this example :file:`/dev/sda8`.
#. Share the same swap partition created by |CL|.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :file:`/dev/sda2`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Change`.
#. Confirm :guilabel:`Use as` is set to :guilabel:`Swap area`. See Figure
30.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-30.png
Figure 30: Ubuntu - Set swap partition
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Ubuntu.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because `Grub`
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Ubuntu as a boot option.
#. Boot into Ubuntu.
#. Log in.
#. Get root permissions.
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate the Ubuntu :file:`grub.cfg` file in the :file:`/boot/grub/`
directory and look for the :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The
highlighted lines identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` files, the
root partition UUID, and the additional parameters used. Use this
information to create a new Systemd-Boot entry for Ubuntu. See Figure
31.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-31.png
Figure 31: Ubuntu: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and :file:`initrd` to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic.efi.signed /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for Ubuntu. The file must contain at least these
settings:
+---------+------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+====================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program |
| | or kernel boot parameters |
+---------+------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and
any additional parameters that Ubuntu requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi ubuntu.conf
Add the following lines to the :file:`ubuntu.conf` file:
.. code-block:: console
title Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Desktop
linux /vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic.efi.signed
initrd /initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic
options root=UUID=17f0aa66-3467-4f99-b92c-8b2cea1045aa ro
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
.. note::
If an older version of Ubuntu does not have the `bootctl` command,
skip this step and see :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the |CL|
Systemd-Boot boot loader.
#. Reboot.
Install Mint\* 18.1 “Serena” MATE
*********************************
#. Start the Mint installer and follow the prompts.
#. At the :guilabel:`Installation type` screen, choose
:guilabel:`Something else`. See Figure 32.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-32.png
Figure 32: Mint: Installation type
#. Create a new root partition.
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :guilabel:`free space`. See
Figure 33.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-33.png
Figure 33: Mint: Add partition
#. Click the :guilabel:`+` button.
#. In the :guilabel:`Size` field, enter a value for the new partition
size. For this example, we used *40000 MB*, as shown in Figure 34.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-34.png
Figure 34: Mint: Configure new partition settings
#. Set :guilabel:`Use as` to :guilabel:`Ext4 journaling file system`.
#. Set the :guilabel:`Mount point` to :guilabel:`/`.
#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
#. Share the same swap partition created by |CL| with the following
steps.
#. Under :guilabel:`Device` column, select :file:`/dev/sda2`.
#. Click :guilabel:`Change`.
#. Confirm :guilabel:`Use as` is set to :guilabel:`Swap area`. See Figure
35.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-35.png
Figure 35: Mint: Set swap partition
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Mint.
#. At this point, the ability to boot |CL| is lost because `Grub`
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Mint as a boot option.
#. Boot into Mint.
#. Log in.
#. Get root permissions.
.. code-block:: console
$ sudo -s
#. Locate the Mint :file:`grub.cfg` file in the :file:`/boot/grub/` and
look for the :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The highlighted lines
identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` files, the root partition UUID,
and the additional parameters used. Use this information to create a
new Systemd-Boot entry for Mint. See Figure 36.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-36.png
Figure 36: Mint: grub.cfg
#. Copy the kernel and :file:`initrd` to the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-53-generic /boot/efi
# cp /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic /boot/efi
#. Create a boot entry for Mint. The file must contain at least these
settings:
+---------+------------------------------------+
| Setting | Description |
+=========+====================================+
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| linux | Linux kernel image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| initrd | initramfs image |
+---------+------------------------------------+
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program |
| | or kernel boot parameters |
+---------+------------------------------------+
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
details.
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and
any additional parameters that Mint requires.
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
.. code-block:: console
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
# vi mint.conf
Add the following lines to the :file:`mint.conf` file:
.. code-block:: console
title Mint 18.1 Serena MATE
linux /vmlinuz-4.4.0-53-generic
initrd /initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic
options root=UUID=af4901e1-6238-470a-8c14-bc0f0f7715ec ro
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
.. note::
If an older version of Mint does not have the `bootctl` command,
skip this step and see :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the Clear
Linux Systemd-Boot boot loader.
#. Reboot.
.. _recover-cl-bl:
Recover the Clear Linux boot loader
***********************************
The installation of a new operating system or an upgrade of an existing
operating system can result in making the |CL| Systemd-Boot no
longer the default boot loader. To restore it, follow the steps below.
#. Boot the |CL| installer from a USB thumb drive. See :ref:`bootable-usb`.
#. At the introduction screen, press :kbd:`Control+Alt+F2` to bring up the
|CL| console. See Figure 37.
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-37.png
Figure 37: |CL|: Console
#. Log in as *root*.
.. note::
Logging in for the first time as *root* through the console requires
setting a new password.
#. Find the location of the |CL| EFI partition, in this example it is
:file:`/dev/sda3`. See Figure 38.
.. code-block:: console
# fdisk l
.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-38.png
Figure 38: |CL| - fdisk -l
#. Mount the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
.. code-block:: console
# bootctl install --path /mnt
#. Unmount the EFI partition.
.. code-block:: console
# umount /mnt
#. Reboot.
.. _recommended swap partition sizes:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-swapspace.html
.. _systemd boot loader documentation:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot