Merge branch 'for-mingo' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu
Pull v5.10 RCU changes from Paul E. McKenney: - Debugging for smp_call_function(). - Strict grace periods for KASAN. The point of this series is to find RCU-usage bugs, so the corresponding new RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD Kconfig option depends on both DEBUG_KERNEL and RCU_EXPERT, and is further disabled by dfefault. Finally, the help text includes a goodly list of scary caveats. - New smp_call_function() torture test. - Torture-test updates. - Documentation updates. - Miscellaneous fixes. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This commit is contained in:
Ingo Molnar
+3
-3
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
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#!/bin/bash
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
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#
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# Analyze a given results directory for rcuperf performance measurements,
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# Analyze a given results directory for rcuscale performance measurements,
|
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# looking for ftrace data. Exits with 0 if data was found, analyzed, and
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# printed. Intended to be invoked from kvm-recheck-rcuperf.sh after
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# printed. Intended to be invoked from kvm-recheck-rcuscale.sh after
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# argument checking.
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#
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# Usage: kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh resdir
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# Usage: kvm-recheck-rcuscale-ftrace.sh resdir
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#
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# Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2016
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#
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+7
-7
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
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#!/bin/bash
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
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#
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# Analyze a given results directory for rcuperf performance measurements.
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# Analyze a given results directory for rcuscale scalability measurements.
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#
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# Usage: kvm-recheck-rcuperf.sh resdir
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# Usage: kvm-recheck-rcuscale.sh resdir
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#
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# Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2016
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#
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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fi
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PATH=`pwd`/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin:$PATH; export PATH
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. functions.sh
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if kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh $i
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if kvm-recheck-rcuscale-ftrace.sh $i
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then
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# ftrace data was successfully analyzed, call it good!
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exit 0
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@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ configfile=`echo $i | sed -e 's/^.*\///'`
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sed -e 's/^\[[^]]*]//' < $i/console.log |
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awk '
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/-perf: .* gps: .* batches:/ {
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/-scale: .* gps: .* batches:/ {
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ngps = $9;
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nbatches = $11;
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}
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/-perf: .*writer-duration/ {
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/-scale: .*writer-duration/ {
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gptimes[++n] = $5 / 1000.;
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sum += $5 / 1000.;
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}
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@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ awk '
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END {
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newNR = asort(gptimes);
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if (newNR <= 0) {
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print "No rcuperf records found???"
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print "No rcuscale records found???"
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exit;
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}
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pct50 = int(newNR * 50 / 100);
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@@ -79,5 +79,5 @@ END {
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print "99th percentile grace-period duration: " gptimes[pct99];
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print "Maximum grace-period duration: " gptimes[newNR];
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print "Grace periods: " ngps + 0 " Batches: " nbatches + 0 " Ratio: " ngps / nbatches;
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print "Computed from rcuperf printk output.";
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print "Computed from rcuscale printk output.";
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}'
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
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#!/bin/bash
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
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#
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# Analyze a given results directory for rcutorture progress.
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#
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# Usage: kvm-recheck-rcu.sh resdir
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#
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# Copyright (C) Facebook, 2020
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#
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# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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i="$1"
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if test -d "$i" -a -r "$i"
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||||
then
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:
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else
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echo Unreadable results directory: $i
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exit 1
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fi
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. functions.sh
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configfile=`echo $i | sed -e 's/^.*\///'`
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nscfs="`grep 'scf_invoked_count ver:' $i/console.log 2> /dev/null | tail -1 | sed -e 's/^.* scf_invoked_count ver: //' -e 's/ .*$//' | tr -d '\015'`"
|
||||
if test -z "$nscfs"
|
||||
then
|
||||
echo "$configfile ------- "
|
||||
else
|
||||
dur="`sed -e 's/^.* scftorture.shutdown_secs=//' -e 's/ .*$//' < $i/qemu-cmd 2> /dev/null`"
|
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if test -z "$dur"
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||||
then
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||||
rate=""
|
||||
else
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||||
nscfss=`awk -v nscfs=$nscfs -v dur=$dur '
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BEGIN { print nscfs / dur }' < /dev/null`
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||||
rate=" ($nscfss/s)"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
echo "${configfile} ------- ${nscfs} SCF handler invocations$rate"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ config_override_param () {
|
||||
echo > $T/KcList
|
||||
config_override_param "$config_dir/CFcommon" KcList "`cat $config_dir/CFcommon 2> /dev/null`"
|
||||
config_override_param "$config_template" KcList "`cat $config_template 2> /dev/null`"
|
||||
config_override_param "--gdb options" KcList "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG"
|
||||
config_override_param "--kasan options" KcList "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_KASAN_ARG"
|
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config_override_param "--kcsan options" KcList "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_KCSAN_ARG"
|
||||
config_override_param "--kconfig argument" KcList "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_ARG"
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||||
@@ -152,7 +153,11 @@ qemu_append="`identify_qemu_append "$QEMU"`"
|
||||
boot_args="`configfrag_boot_params "$boot_args" "$config_template"`"
|
||||
# Generate kernel-version-specific boot parameters
|
||||
boot_args="`per_version_boot_params "$boot_args" $resdir/.config $seconds`"
|
||||
echo $QEMU $qemu_args -m $TORTURE_QEMU_MEM -kernel $KERNEL -append \"$qemu_append $boot_args\" > $resdir/qemu-cmd
|
||||
if test -n "$TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG"
|
||||
then
|
||||
boot_args="$boot_args $TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
echo $QEMU $qemu_args -m $TORTURE_QEMU_MEM -kernel $KERNEL -append \"$qemu_append $boot_args\" $TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG > $resdir/qemu-cmd
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|
||||
if test -n "$TORTURE_BUILDONLY"
|
||||
then
|
||||
@@ -171,14 +176,26 @@ echo "NOTE: $QEMU either did not run or was interactive" > $resdir/console.log
|
||||
# Attempt to run qemu
|
||||
( . $T/qemu-cmd; wait `cat $resdir/qemu_pid`; echo $? > $resdir/qemu-retval ) &
|
||||
commandcompleted=0
|
||||
sleep 10 # Give qemu's pid a chance to reach the file
|
||||
if test -s "$resdir/qemu_pid"
|
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if test -z "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG"
|
||||
then
|
||||
qemu_pid=`cat "$resdir/qemu_pid"`
|
||||
echo Monitoring qemu job at pid $qemu_pid
|
||||
else
|
||||
qemu_pid=""
|
||||
echo Monitoring qemu job at yet-as-unknown pid
|
||||
sleep 10 # Give qemu's pid a chance to reach the file
|
||||
if test -s "$resdir/qemu_pid"
|
||||
then
|
||||
qemu_pid=`cat "$resdir/qemu_pid"`
|
||||
echo Monitoring qemu job at pid $qemu_pid
|
||||
else
|
||||
qemu_pid=""
|
||||
echo Monitoring qemu job at yet-as-unknown pid
|
||||
fi
|
||||
fi
|
||||
if test -n "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG"
|
||||
then
|
||||
echo Waiting for you to attach a debug session, for example: > /dev/tty
|
||||
echo " gdb $base_resdir/vmlinux" > /dev/tty
|
||||
echo 'After symbols load and the "(gdb)" prompt appears:' > /dev/tty
|
||||
echo " target remote :1234" > /dev/tty
|
||||
echo " continue" > /dev/tty
|
||||
kstarttime=`gawk 'BEGIN { print systime() }' < /dev/null`
|
||||
fi
|
||||
while :
|
||||
do
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ TORTURE_DEFCONFIG=defconfig
|
||||
TORTURE_BOOT_IMAGE=""
|
||||
TORTURE_INITRD="$KVM/initrd"; export TORTURE_INITRD
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_ARG=""
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG=""
|
||||
TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG=""
|
||||
TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG=""
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_KASAN_ARG=""
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_KCSAN_ARG=""
|
||||
TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG=""
|
||||
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ jitter="-1"
|
||||
|
||||
usage () {
|
||||
echo "Usage: $scriptname optional arguments:"
|
||||
echo " --allcpus"
|
||||
echo " --bootargs kernel-boot-arguments"
|
||||
echo " --bootimage relative-path-to-kernel-boot-image"
|
||||
echo " --buildonly"
|
||||
@@ -55,17 +59,19 @@ usage () {
|
||||
echo " --defconfig string"
|
||||
echo " --dryrun sched|script"
|
||||
echo " --duration minutes"
|
||||
echo " --gdb"
|
||||
echo " --help"
|
||||
echo " --interactive"
|
||||
echo " --jitter N [ maxsleep (us) [ maxspin (us) ] ]"
|
||||
echo " --kconfig Kconfig-options"
|
||||
echo " --kmake-arg kernel-make-arguments"
|
||||
echo " --mac nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn"
|
||||
echo " --memory megabytes | nnnG"
|
||||
echo " --memory megabytes|nnnG"
|
||||
echo " --no-initrd"
|
||||
echo " --qemu-args qemu-arguments"
|
||||
echo " --qemu-cmd qemu-system-..."
|
||||
echo " --results absolute-pathname"
|
||||
echo " --torture rcu"
|
||||
echo " --torture lock|rcu|rcuscale|refscale|scf"
|
||||
echo " --trust-make"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -126,6 +132,14 @@ do
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dur=$(($2*60))
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||||
shift
|
||||
;;
|
||||
--gdb)
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||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG="CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y"; export TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG
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TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG="nokaslr"; export TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG
|
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TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG="-s -S"; export TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG
|
||||
;;
|
||||
--help|-h)
|
||||
usage
|
||||
;;
|
||||
--interactive)
|
||||
TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE=1; export TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE
|
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;;
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@@ -184,13 +198,13 @@ do
|
||||
shift
|
||||
;;
|
||||
--torture)
|
||||
checkarg --torture "(suite name)" "$#" "$2" '^\(lock\|rcu\|rcuperf\|refscale\)$' '^--'
|
||||
checkarg --torture "(suite name)" "$#" "$2" '^\(lock\|rcu\|rcuscale\|refscale\|scf\)$' '^--'
|
||||
TORTURE_SUITE=$2
|
||||
shift
|
||||
if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" = rcuperf || test "$TORTURE_SUITE" = refscale
|
||||
if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" = rcuscale || test "$TORTURE_SUITE" = refscale
|
||||
then
|
||||
# If you really want jitter for refscale or
|
||||
# rcuperf, specify it after specifying the rcuperf
|
||||
# rcuscale, specify it after specifying the rcuscale
|
||||
# or the refscale. (But why jitter in these cases?)
|
||||
jitter=0
|
||||
fi
|
||||
@@ -248,6 +262,15 @@ do
|
||||
done
|
||||
touch $T/cfgcpu
|
||||
configs_derep="`echo $configs_derep | sed -e "s/\<CFLIST\>/$defaultconfigs/g"`"
|
||||
if test -n "$TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG"
|
||||
then
|
||||
if test "`echo $configs_derep | wc -w`" -gt 1
|
||||
then
|
||||
echo "The --config list is: $configs_derep."
|
||||
echo "Only one --config permitted with --gdb, terminating."
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
fi
|
||||
for CF1 in $configs_derep
|
||||
do
|
||||
if test -f "$CONFIGFRAG/$CF1"
|
||||
@@ -323,6 +346,9 @@ TORTURE_BUILDONLY="$TORTURE_BUILDONLY"; export TORTURE_BUILDONLY
|
||||
TORTURE_DEFCONFIG="$TORTURE_DEFCONFIG"; export TORTURE_DEFCONFIG
|
||||
TORTURE_INITRD="$TORTURE_INITRD"; export TORTURE_INITRD
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_ARG="$TORTURE_KCONFIG_ARG"; export TORTURE_KCONFIG_ARG
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG="$TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG"; export TORTURE_KCONFIG_GDB_ARG
|
||||
TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG="$TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG"; export TORTURE_BOOT_GDB_ARG
|
||||
TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG="$TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG"; export TORTURE_QEMU_GDB_ARG
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_KASAN_ARG="$TORTURE_KCONFIG_KASAN_ARG"; export TORTURE_KCONFIG_KASAN_ARG
|
||||
TORTURE_KCONFIG_KCSAN_ARG="$TORTURE_KCONFIG_KCSAN_ARG"; export TORTURE_KCONFIG_KCSAN_ARG
|
||||
TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG="$TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG"; export TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ then
|
||||
fi
|
||||
cat /dev/null > $file.diags
|
||||
|
||||
# Check for proper termination, except for rcuperf and refscale.
|
||||
if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" != rcuperf && test "$TORTURE_SUITE" != refscale
|
||||
# Check for proper termination, except for rcuscale and refscale.
|
||||
if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" != rcuscale && test "$TORTURE_SUITE" != refscale
|
||||
then
|
||||
# check for abject failure
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ then
|
||||
grep --binary-files=text 'torture:.*ver:' $file |
|
||||
egrep --binary-files=text -v '\(null\)|rtc: 000000000* ' |
|
||||
sed -e 's/^(initramfs)[^]]*] //' -e 's/^\[[^]]*] //' |
|
||||
sed -e 's/^.*ver: //' |
|
||||
awk '
|
||||
BEGIN {
|
||||
ver = 0;
|
||||
@@ -74,13 +75,13 @@ then
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (!badseq && ($5 + 0 != $5 || $5 <= ver)) {
|
||||
if (!badseq && ($1 + 0 != $1 || $1 <= ver)) {
|
||||
badseqno1 = ver;
|
||||
badseqno2 = $5;
|
||||
badseqno2 = $1;
|
||||
badseqnr = NR;
|
||||
badseq = 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
ver = $5
|
||||
ver = $1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
END {
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@ CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y
|
||||
#CHECK#CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_LIST=y
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=n
|
||||
CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT=y
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||
CONFIG_RCU_PERF_TEST=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME=y
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
||||
CONFIG_RCU_SCALE_TEST=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME=y
|
||||
+2
-2
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Adds per-version torture-module parameters to kernels supporting them.
|
||||
per_version_boot_params () {
|
||||
echo $1 rcuperf.shutdown=1 \
|
||||
rcuperf.verbose=1
|
||||
echo $1 rcuscale.shutdown=1 \
|
||||
rcuscale.verbose=1
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
||||
NOPREEMPT
|
||||
PREEMPT
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
||||
CONFIG_SCF_TORTURE_TEST=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME=y
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
CONFIG_SMP=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=n
|
||||
CONFIG_PREEMPT=n
|
||||
CONFIG_HZ_PERIODIC=n
|
||||
CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE=n
|
||||
CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=n
|
||||
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=n
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
nohz_full=1
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
CONFIG_SMP=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=n
|
||||
CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=n
|
||||
CONFIG_PREEMPT=y
|
||||
CONFIG_HZ_PERIODIC=n
|
||||
CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE=y
|
||||
CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=n
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y
|
||||
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Torture-suite-dependent shell functions for the rest of the scripts.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Copyright (C) Facebook, 2020
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
|
||||
|
||||
# scftorture_param_onoff bootparam-string config-file
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Adds onoff scftorture module parameters to kernels having it.
|
||||
scftorture_param_onoff () {
|
||||
if ! bootparam_hotplug_cpu "$1" && configfrag_hotplug_cpu "$2"
|
||||
then
|
||||
echo CPU-hotplug kernel, adding scftorture onoff. 1>&2
|
||||
echo scftorture.onoff_interval=1000 scftorture.onoff_holdoff=30
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# per_version_boot_params bootparam-string config-file seconds
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Adds per-version torture-module parameters to kernels supporting them.
|
||||
per_version_boot_params () {
|
||||
echo $1 `scftorture_param_onoff "$1" "$2"` \
|
||||
scftorture.stat_interval=15 \
|
||||
scftorture.shutdown_secs=$3 \
|
||||
scftorture.verbose=1 \
|
||||
scf
|
||||
}
|
||||
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
|
||||
The rcutorture scripting tools automatically create the needed initrd
|
||||
directory using dracut. Failing that, this tool will create an initrd
|
||||
containing a single statically linked binary named "init" that loops
|
||||
over a very long sleep() call. In both cases, this creation is done
|
||||
by tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/mkinitrd.sh.
|
||||
The rcutorture scripting tools automatically create an initrd containing
|
||||
a single statically linked binary named "init" that loops over a
|
||||
very long sleep() call. In both cases, this creation is done by
|
||||
tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/mkinitrd.sh.
|
||||
|
||||
However, if you are attempting to run rcutorture on a system that does
|
||||
not have dracut installed, and if you don't like the notion of static
|
||||
linking, you might wish to press an existing initrd into service:
|
||||
However, if you don't like the notion of statically linked bare-bones
|
||||
userspace environments, you might wish to press an existing initrd
|
||||
into service:
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
cd tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture
|
||||
@@ -15,24 +14,3 @@ mkdir initrd
|
||||
cd initrd
|
||||
cpio -id < /tmp/initrd.img.zcat
|
||||
# Manually verify that initrd contains needed binaries and libraries.
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Interestingly enough, if you are running rcutorture, you don't really
|
||||
need userspace in many cases. Running without userspace has the
|
||||
advantage of allowing you to test your kernel independently of the
|
||||
distro in place, the root-filesystem layout, and so on. To make this
|
||||
happen, put the following script in the initrd's tree's "/init" file,
|
||||
with 0755 mode.
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
|
||||
while :
|
||||
do
|
||||
sleep 10
|
||||
done
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
This approach also allows most of the binaries and libraries in the
|
||||
initrd filesystem to be dispensed with, which can save significant
|
||||
space in rcutorture's "res" directory.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,8 +1,33 @@
|
||||
This document describes one way to create the rcu-test-image file
|
||||
that contains the filesystem used by the guest-OS kernel. There are
|
||||
probably much better ways of doing this, and this filesystem could no
|
||||
doubt be smaller. It is probably also possible to simply download
|
||||
an appropriate image from any number of places.
|
||||
Normally, a minimal initrd is created automatically by the rcutorture
|
||||
scripting. But minimal really does mean "minimal", namely just a single
|
||||
root directory with a single statically linked executable named "init":
|
||||
|
||||
$ size tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/initrd/init
|
||||
text data bss dec hex filename
|
||||
328 0 8 336 150 tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/initrd/init
|
||||
|
||||
Suppose you need to run some scripts, perhaps to monitor or control
|
||||
some aspect of the rcutorture testing. This will require a more fully
|
||||
filled-out userspace, perhaps containing libraries, executables for
|
||||
the shell and other utilities, and soforth. In that case, place your
|
||||
desired filesystem here:
|
||||
|
||||
tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/initrd
|
||||
|
||||
For example, your tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/initrd/init might
|
||||
be a script that does any needed mount operations and starts whatever
|
||||
scripts need starting to properly monitor or control your testing.
|
||||
The next rcutorture build will then incorporate this filesystem into
|
||||
the kernel image that is passed to qemu.
|
||||
|
||||
Or maybe you need a real root filesystem for some reason, in which case
|
||||
please read on!
|
||||
|
||||
The remainder of this document describes one way to create the
|
||||
rcu-test-image file that contains the filesystem used by the guest-OS
|
||||
kernel. There are probably much better ways of doing this, and this
|
||||
filesystem could no doubt be smaller. It is probably also possible to
|
||||
simply download an appropriate image from any number of places.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, here are the commands:
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -36,7 +61,7 @@ References:
|
||||
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/JeOSVMBuilder
|
||||
http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/UbuntuKVMWalkthrough
|
||||
http://www.moe.co.uk/2011/01/07/pci_add_option_rom-failed-to-find-romfile-pxe-rtl8139-bin/ -- "apt-get install kvm-pxe"
|
||||
http://www.landley.net/writing/rootfs-howto.html
|
||||
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd
|
||||
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cpio
|
||||
https://www.landley.net/writing/rootfs-howto.html
|
||||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initrd
|
||||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cpio
|
||||
http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/UbuntuKVMWalkthrough
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user