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977 lines
28 KiB
ReStructuredText
977 lines
28 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _multi-boot:
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Multi-boot Clear Linux with other operating systems
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###################################################
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Starting with version 16140, |CLOSIA| uses the Systemd-Boot boot loader,
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which does not support multi-booting without manual manipulation. This
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document shows how to modify the boot loader for |CL| to work with other
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operating systems.
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The general process to install other operating systems for a
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multi-booting computer is as follows:
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#. Install |CL| first with a EFI partition large enough to store the kernels
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of other operating systems and their initrds in the case of Linux\*
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distributions.
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#. Install the next operating system without creating its own EFI
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partition.
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#. Boot into the newly installed operating system.
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#. For Linux distributions, copy its kernel and *initrd* to the Clear Linux EFI
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partition. This step is not needed for Windows\*.
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#. Add an entry for the newly installed operating system in the
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Systemd-Boot menu.
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#. Make Systemd-Boot the default boot loader.
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#. Repeat the previous steps for each additional operating system. Always
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install Clear Linux first. Install other operating systems in any order.
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.. note::
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This process is not guaranteed to work with all Linux distributions and
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all their versions.
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The following operating systems were tested on an Intel® NUC6i7KYK with 32GB
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RAM and a 360GB SSD. Table 1 lists the information specific to the
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installation of the tested operating systems.
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.. csv-table:: Table 1: OS specific installation information
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:header: # , OS, Version, Partition Size [1], Swap Size [2], EFI Partition Size [3], Download Link
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1,Clear Linux,16140,50GB,8GB,1GB,https://download.clearlinux.org/image/clear-15870-installer.img.xz
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2,Windows ,Server 2016,50GB,N/A,Shared with #1,From Microsoft
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3,RedHat,Server 7.4 Beta,45GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,From RedHat
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4,SUSE,Server 12 SP2,45GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,From SUSE
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5,Ubuntu,16.04.02 LTS Desktop,40GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
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6,Mint,18.1 ?Serena? MATE,40GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=228
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.. [#] Configure the partition size as desired.
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.. [#] To save disk space, a single swap partition can be shared among
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multiple Linux installations. Swap size was determined using this
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`recommended swap partition sizes`_.
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.. [#] This partition will hold the Clear Linux and other operating
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systems’ kernel and boot information. The partition size is dependent on
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the number of operating systems that will be installed. In general,
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allocate about 100MB per operating system. For this demonstration, we used
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1GB.
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.. note::
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Updating any installed operating systems will likely result
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in the |CL| Systemd-Boot no longer being the default
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boot loader. To restore it, see Recover Clear Linux Bootloader.
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.. note::
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Updating any Linux installation may result in changes of their kernels or
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initrds. Keep their corresponding Systemd-Boot
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:file:`/boot/efi/loader/entries/*.conf` files up-to-update.
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Install the Clear Linux OS
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**************************
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#. Start the Clear Linux installer and follow the prompts.
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#. On the *Choose Installation Type* screen, choose *Manual (Advanced)*,
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as shown in Figure 1.
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|multi-boot-01|
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Figure 1: Clear Linux installer: Choose installation type screen
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.. note::
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If you are not familiar with text-based installation
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interfaces, here are some navigation tips:
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* Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between
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the options on the screen.
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* Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option.
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* Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Choose partitioning method` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`Manually configure mounts and partitions`, as shown in
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Figure 2.
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|multi-boot-02|
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Figure 2: Clear Linux: Choose partitioning method
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#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda` and press :kbd`Enter` to
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go into the `cgdisk` partitioning tool. See Figure 3.
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|multi-boot-03|
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Figure 3: Clear Linux: Choose drive to partition
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#. Create a new root partition.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See Figure 4.
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.. _multi-boot-04:
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|multi-boot-04|
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Figure 4: Clear Linux: Create new partition
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we
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specified *50GB*. See Figure 5.
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|multi-boot-05|
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Figure 5: Clear Linux: New partition size
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`. See
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Figure 6.
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|multi-boot-06|
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Figure 6: Clear Linux: Set partition type
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-root`. This name makes it easier to
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identify later. See Figure 7.
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|multi-boot-07|
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Figure 7: Clear Linux: Name partition
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#. Create a new swap partition. See Figure 8.
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|multi-boot-08|
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Figure 8: Clear Linux: Create swap partition
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#. Select the `free space` partition located at the bottom of the column.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the swap partition. For this example, we
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used 8GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8200 (Linux swap)`.
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#. Name the partition :file`CL-swap`.
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#. Create a new EFI partition. See Figure 9.
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|multi-boot-09|
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Figure 9: Clear Linux: Create EFI partition
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#. In the Partition Type column, select :guilabel:`free space` located at
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the bottom of the column.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we used
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1024 MB. This partition will hold |CL|, the kernels of the other
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operating systems, and their boot information. Its size depends on the
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number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100MB
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per operating system. For this example, we used 1024 MB.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`ef00 (EFI partition)`.
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#. Name the partition :file`CL-EFI`.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Write` to apply the new partition table.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Quit` to exit the `cgdisk` tool.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Set mount points` screen, specify the mount points and
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format settings as shown in Figure 10.
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|multi-boot-10|
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Figure 10: Clear Linux: Set mount points
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#. On the :guilabel:`User configuration` screen, select
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:guilabel:`Create an administrative user`. See Figure 11.
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|multi-boot-11|
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Figure 11: Clear Linux: User configuration
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#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`. See Figure 12.
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|multi-boot-12|
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Figure 12: Clear Linux: Add user as sudoer
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#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and go through
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the out-of-box-experience of |CL|.
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#. Log in.
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#. Get root privileges.
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.. code-block:: console
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$ sudo -s
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#. Add a timeout period for Systemd-Boot to wait, otherwise it will not
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present the boot menu and will always boot Clear Linux.
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.. code-block:: console
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# clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20
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# clr-boot-manager update
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#. Reboot.
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Install Windows\* Server 2016
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*****************************
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#. Start the Windows installer and follow the prompts.
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#. At the :guilabel:`Type of installation` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)`. See Figure 13.
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|multi-boot-13|
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Figure 13: Windows: Choose installation type
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#. Select :guilabel:`Unallocated Space` and create a new partition of the
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desired size. In this example, we specified 50000 MB. See Figure 14.
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|multi-boot-14|
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Figure 14: Windows: Create new partition
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.. note::
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Windows normally creates its own EFI partition (100MB) if none exists.
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In this case, it sees the EFI partition created during the Clear Linux
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installation and won't create its own.
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#. Select the newly created partition and follow the remaining prompts
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to complete the installation of Windows. (See Figure 15.
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|multi-boot-15|
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Figure 15: Windows: Install on newly created partition
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#. Go through the Windows out-of-box-experience process.
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#. At this point, the ability to boot Clear Linux is lost because Windows is
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the default boot loader. See :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the Clear
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Linux Systemd-Boot boot loader and add Windows to its boot menu.
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Install Red Hat\* Enterprise Linux 7.4 Beta
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*******************************************
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#. Start the Red Hat installer and follow the prompts.
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#. At the :guilabel:`INSTALLATION SUMMARY` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`INSTALLATION DESTINATION`. See Figure 16.
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|multi-boot-16|
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Figure 16: Red Hat: Installation summary
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#. In the :guilabel:`Device Selection` section, select a drive on which to
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install the OS. See Figure 17.
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|multi-boot-17|
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Figure 17: Red Hat: Installation destination
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#. Under the :guilabel:`Other Storage Options` section, choose
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:guilabel:`I will configure partitioning`. See Figure 17.
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#. Click :guilabel:`Done`.
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#. Under :menuselection:`New Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Installation --> New mount points will use the following partitioning scheme` section,
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select :menuselection:`Standard Partition` from the drop down list. See
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Figure 18.
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|multi-boot-18|
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Figure 18: Red Hat: New partition scheme
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#. Create a new root partition.
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#. Click the :menuselection:`+` button on the lower left corner.
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#. Enter `/` and the new partition size. For this example, we specified 45
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GB. See Figure 19.
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|multi-boot-19|
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Figure 19: Red Hat: Create new root partition
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#. Click :guilabel:`Add mount point`.
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#. Share the swap partition that was created by Clear Linux. (See Figure
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20.
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#. Expand :guilabel:`Unknown`.
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#. Select :guilabel:`swap / sda2`.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Reformat`.
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#. Click :guilabel:`Update Settings`.
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|multi-boot-20|
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Figure 20: Red Hat: Configure swap partition
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#. Share the EFI partition that was created by Clear Linux. See Figure
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21.
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#. Expand :guilabel:`Unknown.`
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#. Select :guilabel:`EFI System Partition / sda3`.
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#. Under :guilabel:`Mount Point`, enter `/boot/efi`.
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#. Click :guilabel:`Update Settings`.
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|multi-boot-21|
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Figure 21: Red Hat: Configure EFI partition
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#. Click :guilabel:`Done`.
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#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Red Hat.
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#. At this point, the ability to boot Clear Linux is lost because `Grub`
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was set as the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the |CL|
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Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Red Hat as a boot option:
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#. Boot into Red Hat.
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#. Log in.
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#. Get root privilege with the following command:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ sudo -s
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#. Locate Fedora’s :file:`grub.cfg` file at the
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:file:`/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/` directory and look for the primary Red
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Hat :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The highlighted lines identify
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the kernel and `initrd` filenames, root partition UUID, and
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additional parameters used. This information is used to create a
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new Systemd-Boot entry for Red Hat. See Figure 22.
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|multi-boot-22|
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Figure 22: Red Hat: grub.cfg
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#. Copy the kernel and `initrd` to the EFI partition.
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.. code-block:: console
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# cp /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-663.el7.x86_64 /boot/efi
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# cp /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-663.el7.x86_64.img /boot/efi
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#. Create a boot entry for Red Hat. The file must, at a minimum, contain
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these settings:
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+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| Setting | Description |
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+=========+===================================================+
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| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
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+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| linux | Linux kernel image |
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+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| initrd | initramfs image |
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+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
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| options | Options to pass to the EFI program or kernel boot |
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| | parameters |
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+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
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See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
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details.
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The options parameters must specify the root partition UUID and any
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additional parameters that Red Hat requires.
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.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
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.. code-block:: console
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# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
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# vi redhat.conf
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Add the following lines to :file:`redhat.conf`
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.. code-block:: console
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title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Beta
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linux /vmlinuz-3.10.0-663.el7.x86\_64
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initrd /initramfs-3.10.0-663.el7.x86\_64.img
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options root=UUID=30655c74-6cc1-4c55-8fcc-ac8bddcea4db ro
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crashkernel=auto rhgb LANG=en\_US.UTF-8
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#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
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.. note::
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This version of Red Hat does not support `bootctl install`. Perform
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the steps in :ref:`recover-cl-bl` instead.
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#. Reboot.
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Install SUSE\* Linux Enterprise 12 SP2
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**************************************
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#. Start the SUSE installer and follow the prompts.
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#. At the :guilabel:`Suggested Partitioning` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`Expert Partitioner`. See Figure 23.
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|multi-boot-23|
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Figure 23: SUSE: Suggested partitioning
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**Optional:** Under :guilabel:`Available Storage on Linux` section, right-
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click the SUSE :file:`/home` partition and delete it. In this example, it
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is :file:`/dev/sda8`. See Figure 24.
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|multi-boot-24|
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Figure 24: SUSE: Delete /home partition
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#. Under :guilabel:`Available Storage on Linux` section, right-click the SUSE
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root partition and resize it. In this example, :file:`/dev/sda7` is
|
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resized to 45 GB. See Figure 25.
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|multi-boot-25|
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Figure 25: SUSE: Resize root partition
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#. Click :guilabel:`Accept`.
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|
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#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of SUSE.
|
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|
||
#. At this point, Clear Linux cannot boot because `Grub`
|
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is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the Clear Linux
|
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Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add SUSE as a boot option:
|
||
|
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#. Boot into SUSE.
|
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#. Log in.
|
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|
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#. Get root privileges with the following command:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
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|
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$ sudo -s
|
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|
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#. Locate SUSE’s :file:`grub.cfg` in the :file:`/boot/grub2/` directory
|
||
and look for the primary SUSE :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The
|
||
highlighted lines identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` filenames,
|
||
the root partition UUID, and the additional parameters used. Use this
|
||
information to create a new Systemd-Boot entry. See Figure 26.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-26|
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Figure 26: SUSE: grub.cfg
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|
||
#. Copy the kernel and the :file:`initrd` file to the EFI partition.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
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|
||
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.21-69-default /boot/efi
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|
||
# cp /boot/initrd-4.4.21-69-default /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
#. Create a boot entry for SUSE. The file must at least contain these
|
||
settings:
|
||
|
||
+---------+---------------------------------------+
|
||
| Setting | Description |
|
||
+=========+=======================================+
|
||
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
|
||
+---------+---------------------------------------+
|
||
| linux | Linux kernel image |
|
||
+---------+---------------------------------------+
|
||
| initrd | initramfs image |
|
||
+---------+---------------------------------------+
|
||
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program or |
|
||
| | kernel boot parameters |
|
||
+---------+---------------------------------------+
|
||
|
||
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
|
||
details.
|
||
|
||
The *options* parameter must specify the root partition UUID and
|
||
any additional parameters SUSE requires.
|
||
|
||
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
|
||
|
||
# vi suse.conf
|
||
|
||
Add the following lines to the :file:`suse.conf` file:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
title SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP2
|
||
|
||
linux /vmlinuz-4.4.21-69-default
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||
|
||
initrd /initrd-4.4.21-69-default
|
||
|
||
options root=UUID=b9e25e98-a644-4ac3-b955-ae32800ee350 ro
|
||
resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/6a50c032-1c1e-4b4a-b799-ca365bb10dc7
|
||
splash=silent showopts crashkernel=109M,high
|
||
crashkernel=72M,low
|
||
|
||
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
If an older version of SUSE does not have the *bootctl* command,
|
||
skip this step and see :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the Clear
|
||
Linux Systemd-Boot boot loader.
|
||
|
||
#. Reboot.
|
||
|
||
Install Ubuntu\* 16.04 LTS Desktop
|
||
**********************************
|
||
|
||
#. Start the Ubuntu installer and follow the prompts.
|
||
|
||
#. At the :guilabel:`Installation type` screen, choose
|
||
:guilabel:`Something else`. See Figure 27.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-27|
|
||
|
||
Figure 27: Ubuntu: Installation type
|
||
|
||
#. Create a new root partition.
|
||
|
||
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :guilabel:`free space`. See
|
||
Figure 28.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-28|
|
||
|
||
Figure 28: Ubuntu: Add partition
|
||
|
||
#. Click the :guilabel:`+` button on the lower left corner.
|
||
|
||
#. Enter the new partition size. For this example, we used *40000 MB*, as
|
||
shown in Figure 29.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-29|
|
||
|
||
Figure 29: Ubuntu: Configure new root partition
|
||
|
||
#. Set :guilabel:`Use as` to :guilabel:`Ext4 journaling file system`.
|
||
|
||
#. Set the :guilabel:`Mount point` to `/`.
|
||
|
||
#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
|
||
|
||
#. Under the :guilabel:`Format?` column, select the new partition to be
|
||
formatted, in this example :file:`/dev/sda8`.
|
||
|
||
#. Share the same swap partition created by Clear Linux.
|
||
|
||
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :file:`/dev/sda2`.
|
||
|
||
#. Click :guilabel:`Change`.
|
||
|
||
#. Confirm :guilabel:`Use as` is set to :guilabel:`Swap area`. See Figure
|
||
30.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-30|
|
||
|
||
Figure 30: Ubuntu - Set swap partition
|
||
|
||
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Ubuntu.
|
||
|
||
#. At this point, the ability to boot Clear Linux is lost because `Grub`
|
||
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the Clear Linux
|
||
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Ubuntu as a boot option.
|
||
|
||
#. Boot into Ubuntu.
|
||
|
||
#. Log in.
|
||
|
||
#. Get root permissions.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
$ sudo -s
|
||
|
||
#. Locate the Ubuntu :file:`grub.cfg` file in the :file:`/boot/grub/`
|
||
directory and look for the :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The
|
||
highlighted lines identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` files, the
|
||
root partition UUID, and the additional parameters used. Use this
|
||
information to create a new Systemd-Boot entry for Ubuntu. See Figure
|
||
31.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-31|
|
||
|
||
Figure 31: Ubuntu: grub.cfg
|
||
|
||
#. Copy the kernel and :file:`initrd` to the EFI partition.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic.efi.signed /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
# cp /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
#. Create a boot entry for Ubuntu. The file must contain at least these
|
||
settings:
|
||
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| Setting | Description |
|
||
+=========+====================================+
|
||
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| linux | Linux kernel image |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| initrd | initramfs image |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program |
|
||
| | or kernel boot parameters |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
|
||
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
|
||
details.
|
||
|
||
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and
|
||
any additional parameters that Ubuntu requires.
|
||
|
||
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
|
||
|
||
# vi ubuntu.conf
|
||
|
||
Add the following lines to the :file:`ubuntu.conf` file:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
title Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Desktop
|
||
|
||
linux /vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic.efi.signed
|
||
|
||
initrd /initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic
|
||
|
||
options root=UUID=17f0aa66-3467-4f99-b92c-8b2cea1045aa ro
|
||
|
||
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
If an older version of Ubuntu does not have the *bootctl* command,
|
||
skip this step and see :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the Clear
|
||
Linux Systemd-Boot boot loader.
|
||
|
||
#. Reboot.
|
||
|
||
Install Mint\* 18.1 “Serena” MATE
|
||
*********************************
|
||
|
||
#. Start the Mint installer and follow the prompts.
|
||
|
||
#. At the :guilabel:`Installation type` screen, choose
|
||
:guilabel:`Something else`. See Figure 32.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-32|
|
||
|
||
Figure 32: Mint: Installation type
|
||
|
||
#. Create a new root partition.
|
||
|
||
#. Under the :guilabel:`Device` column, select :guilabel:`free space`. See
|
||
Figure 33.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-33|
|
||
|
||
Figure 33: Mint: Add partition
|
||
|
||
#. Click the :guilabel:`+` button.
|
||
|
||
#. In the :guilabel:`Size` field, enter a value for the new partition
|
||
size. For this example, we used *40000 MB*, as shown in Figure 34.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-34|
|
||
|
||
Figure 34: Mint: Configure new partition settings
|
||
|
||
#. Set :guilabel:`Use as` to :guilabel:`Ext4 journaling file system`.
|
||
|
||
#. Set the :guilabel:`Mount point` to :guilabel:`/`.
|
||
|
||
#. Click :guilabel:`OK`.
|
||
|
||
#. Share the same swap partition created by Clear Linux with the following
|
||
steps.
|
||
|
||
#. Under :guilabel:`Device` column, select :file:`/dev/sda2`.
|
||
|
||
#. Click :guilabel:`Change`.
|
||
|
||
#. Confirm :guilabel:`Use as` is set to :guilabel:`Swap area`. See Figure
|
||
35.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-35|
|
||
|
||
Figure 35: Mint: Set swap partition
|
||
|
||
#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation of Mint.
|
||
|
||
#. At this point, the ability to boot Clear Linux is lost because `Grub`
|
||
is the default boot loader. Follow these steps to make the Clear Linux
|
||
Systemd-Boot the default boot loader and add Mint as a boot option.
|
||
|
||
#. Boot into Mint.
|
||
|
||
#. Log in.
|
||
|
||
#. Get root permissions.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
$ sudo -s
|
||
|
||
#. Locate the Mint :file:`grub.cfg` file in the :file:`/boot/grub/` and
|
||
look for the :guilabel:`menuentry` section. The highlighted lines
|
||
identify the kernel, the :file:`initrd` files, the root partition UUID,
|
||
and the additional parameters used. Use this information to create a
|
||
new Systemd-Boot entry for Mint. See Figure 36.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-36|
|
||
|
||
Figure 36: Mint: grub.cfg
|
||
|
||
#. Copy the kernel and :file:`initrd` to the EFI partition.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# cp /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-53-generic /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
# cp /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
#. Create a boot entry for Mint. The file must contain at least these
|
||
settings:
|
||
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| Setting | Description |
|
||
+=========+====================================+
|
||
| title | Text to show in the boot menu |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| linux | Linux kernel image |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| initrd | initramfs image |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
| options | Options to pass to the EFI program |
|
||
| | or kernel boot parameters |
|
||
+---------+------------------------------------+
|
||
|
||
See the `systemd boot loader documentation`_ for additional
|
||
details.
|
||
|
||
The *options* parameters must specify the root partition UUID and
|
||
any additional parameters that Mint requires.
|
||
|
||
.. note:: The root partition UUID used below is unique to this example.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# cd /boot/efi/loader/entries
|
||
|
||
# vi mint.conf
|
||
|
||
Add the following lines to the :file:`mint.conf` file:
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
title Mint 18.1 Serena MATE
|
||
|
||
linux /vmlinuz-4.4.0-53-generic
|
||
|
||
initrd /initrd.img-4.4.0-53-generic
|
||
|
||
options root=UUID=af4901e1-6238-470a-8c14-bc0f0f7715ec ro
|
||
|
||
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# bootctl install --path /boot/efi
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
If an older version of Mint does not have the *bootctl* command,
|
||
skip this step and see :ref:`recover-cl-bl` to restore the Clear
|
||
Linux Systemd-Boot boot loader.
|
||
|
||
#. Reboot.
|
||
|
||
.. _recover-cl-bl:
|
||
|
||
Recover the Clear Linux boot loader
|
||
***********************************
|
||
|
||
The installation of a new operating system or an upgrade of an existing
|
||
operating system can result in making the Clear Linux Systemd-Boot no
|
||
longer the default boot loader. To restore it, follow the steps below.
|
||
|
||
#. Boot Clear Linux installer from a USB thumb drive.
|
||
|
||
#. At the introduction screen, press :kbd:`Control-Alt-F2` to bring up the
|
||
Clear Linux console. See Figure 37.
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-37|
|
||
|
||
Figure 37: Clear Linux: Console
|
||
|
||
#. Log in as *root*.
|
||
|
||
.. note::
|
||
Logging in for the first time as *root* through the console requires
|
||
setting a new password.
|
||
|
||
#. Find the location of the Clear Linux EFI partition, in this example it is
|
||
:file`/dev/sda3`. See Figure 38.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# fdisk –l
|
||
|
||
|multi-boot-38|
|
||
|
||
Figure 38: Clear Linux - fdisk -l
|
||
|
||
#. Mount the EFI partition.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
|
||
|
||
#. Re-install Systemd-Boot to make it the default boot loader.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# bootctl install --path /mnt
|
||
|
||
#. Unmount the EFI partition.
|
||
|
||
.. code-block:: console
|
||
|
||
# umount /mnt
|
||
|
||
#. Reboot.
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. _recommended swap partition sizes:
|
||
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-swapspace.html
|
||
|
||
.. _systemd boot loader documentation:
|
||
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot
|
||
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-01| image:: figures/multi-boot-01.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-02| image:: figures/multi-boot-02.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-03| image:: figures/multi-boot-03.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-04| image:: figures/multi-boot-04.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-05| image:: figures/multi-boot-05.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-06| image:: figures/multi-boot-06.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-07| image:: figures/multi-boot-07.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-08| image:: figures/multi-boot-08.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-09| image:: figures/multi-boot-09.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-10| image:: figures/multi-boot-10.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-11| image:: figures/multi-boot-11.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-12| image:: figures/multi-boot-12.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-13| image:: figures/multi-boot-13.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-14| image:: figures/multi-boot-14.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-15| image:: figures/multi-boot-15.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-16| image:: figures/multi-boot-16.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-17| image:: figures/multi-boot-17.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-18| image:: figures/multi-boot-18.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-19| image:: figures/multi-boot-19.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-20| image:: figures/multi-boot-20.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-21| image:: figures/multi-boot-21.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-22| image:: figures/multi-boot-22.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-23| image:: figures/multi-boot-23.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-24| image:: figures/multi-boot-24.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-25| image:: figures/multi-boot-25.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-26| image:: figures/multi-boot-26.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-27| image:: figures/multi-boot-27.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-28| image:: figures/multi-boot-28.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-29| image:: figures/multi-boot-29.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-30| image:: figures/multi-boot-30.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-31| image:: figures/multi-boot-31.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-32| image:: figures/multi-boot-32.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-33| image:: figures/multi-boot-33.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-34| image:: figures/multi-boot-34.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-35| image:: figures/multi-boot-35.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-36| image:: figures/multi-boot-36.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-37| image:: figures/multi-boot-37.png
|
||
|
||
.. |multi-boot-38| image:: figures/multi-boot-38.png
|