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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/kvm.html">运行 Clear Linux* OS，用作 KVM 来宾操作系统</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/kvm.html#install-qemu-kvm">安装 QEMU-KVM</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/kvm.html#ssh-access-into-the-virtual-machine">通过 SSH 访问虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/kvm.html#optional-add-the-gnome-display-manager-gdm">可选：添加 GNOME Display Manager (GDM)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html">在 VirtualBox* 中安装 Clear Linux* OS 虚拟机</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#prerequisites">必备条件</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#download-and-extract-the-cl-installer-iso">下载并解压缩 Clear Linux OS 安装程序 ISO</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#create-a-new-vb-virtual-machine">创建新的 VirtualBox 虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#install-cl-on-the-vb-vm">在 VirtualBox 虚拟机上安装 Clear Linux OS。</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#troubleshooting">故障排除</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html">安装 Clear Linux* OS 用作 Vmware* Workstation Player 来宾操作系统</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#overview">概述</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#install-the-vmware-workstation-player-hypervisor">安装 VMware Workstation Player 虚拟机管理程序</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#download-the-latest-cl-installer">下载最新的 Clear Linux OS 安装程序</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">创建并配置新虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#install-cl-into-the-new-vm">将 Clear Linux OS 安装至新虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#detach-the-cl-installer-iso-from-the-vm">从虚拟机断开 Clear Linux OS 安装程序 ISO</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#enable-uefi-boot-support">启用 UEFI 引导支持</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#related-topics">相关主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html">运行预配置的 Clear Linux* OS 映像，用作 VMware* Workstation Player 来宾操作系统</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#overview">概述</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#install-the-vmware-workstation-player-hypervisor">安装 VMware Workstation Player 虚拟机管理程序</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#download-the-latest-cl-vmware-image">下载最新的 Clear Linux OS VMware 映像</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#image-types">映像类型</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">创建并配置新虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#attach-the-pre-configured-cl-vmware-image">挂载预配置的 Clear Linux OS Vmware 映像</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#enable-uefi-boot-support">启用 UEFI 引导支持</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#power-on-the-vm">开启虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#related-topics">相关主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html">安装 Clear Linux* OS，用作 VMware* ESXi 来宾操作系统</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#overview">概述</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#download-the-latest-cl-installer-iso">下载最新的 Clear Linux OS 安装程序 ISO</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#upload-the-cl-installer-iso-to-the-vmware-server">将 Clear Linux OS 安装程序 ISO 上传至 VMware 服务器</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">创建并配置新虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#install-cl-into-the-new-vm">将 Clear Linux OS 安装至新虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#reconfigure-the-vm-s-settings-to-boot-the-newly-installed-cl">重新配置虚拟机设置，以引导新安装的 Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#power-on-the-vm-and-boot-cl">开启虚拟机，引导 Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#related-topics">相关主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html">Run preconfigured Clear Linux* OS image as a VMware* ESXi guest OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#overview">概述</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#download-the-latest-cl-vmware-image">下载最新的 Clear Linux OS VMware 映像</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#upload-the-cl-image-to-the-vmware-server">将 Clear Linux OS 映像上传至 VMware 服务器</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#convert-the-cl-image-to-an-esxi-supported-format">将 Clear Linux OS 映像转换为 ESXi 支持的格式。</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">创建并配置新虚拟机</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#power-on-the-vm-and-boot-cl">开启虚拟机，引导 Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#related-topics">相关主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html">增加图像的虚拟磁盘大小</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#determine-the-partition-order-and-sizes-of-the-prebuilt-image">确定预构建映像的分区顺序和大小。</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#id2">增加虚拟磁盘大小</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/autospec.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/autospec.html#test-packaged-software">Test packaged software</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/autospec.html#references">References</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/autospec.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/compatible-kernels.html">Kernels</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/compatible-kernels.html#bare-metal-only">Bare metal only</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/compatible-kernels.html#also-compatible-with-vms">Also compatible with VMs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/compatible-kernels.html#vm-only">VM only</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/debug.html">Debug system</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/debug.html#background">Background</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/debug.html#usage">Usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/debug.html#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/ister.html">ister.py image builder</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/ister.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/ister.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/ister.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html">mixer</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#references">References</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/security.html">OS Security</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/security.html#security-in-updates">Security in updates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/security.html#security-in-software">Security in software</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/security.html#security-in-system-design">Security in system design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/stateless.html">Stateless</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/stateless.html#file-level-separation">File-level separation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/stateless.html#software-configuration">Software configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/stateless.html#system-reset">System reset</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/stateless.html#additional-information">Additional information</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/swupd-guide.html">swupd</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/swupd-guide.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/swupd-guide.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/swupd-guide.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/swupd-guide.html#quick-reference">Quick reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/swupd-guide.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../telemetrics/telem-guide.html">Telemetrics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#how-to-use">How to use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#reference">Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../guides.html#maintenance">Maintenance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html">Architect the life-cycle of Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#content-workflow">Content Workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#release-workflow">Release Workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html">Assign a static IP address</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html#identify-which-program-is-managing-the-interface">Identify which program is managing the interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html#using-networkmanager">Using NetworkManager</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html#using-systemd-networkd">Using systemd-networkd</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/bulk-provision.html">Bulk provision</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/bulk-provision.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/bulk-provision.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/bulk-provision.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/cpu-performance.html">CPU Power and Performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#cpu-power-saving-mechanisms">CPU power saving mechanisms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#linux-cpu-clock-frequency-scaling">Linux CPU clock frequency scaling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#thermal-management">Thermal management</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/developer-workstation.html">Developer Workstation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/developer-workstation.html#workstation-setup">Workstation Setup</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/developer-workstation.html#swupd-search">swupd search</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/developer-workstation.html#core-concepts">Core Concepts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html">Download, verify, and decompress a Clear Linux* OS image</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#linux-os-steps">Linux OS steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#macos-steps">macOS* steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#windows-os-steps">Windows* OS steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#image-types">Image types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/enable-user-space.html">Create and enable a new user space</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#create-a-new-user">Create a new user</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#add-the-new-user-to-the-wheel-group">Add the new user to the <em>wheel</em> group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#install-and-update-the-os-software-to-its-current-version">Install and update the OS software to its current version</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#add-a-bundle">Add a bundle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html">Fix a broken installation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#boot-a-live-desktop-image-to-fix-target-system">Boot a live desktop image to fix target system</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#install-from-live-image">Install from live image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#mount-root-partition-verify-and-fix">Mount root partition, verify, and fix</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/hostname.html">Modify hostname</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/hostname.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/hostname.html#set-your-hostname">Set your hostname</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/hostname.html#view-your-hostname">View your hostname</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html">增加图像的虚拟磁盘大小</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#determine-the-partition-order-and-sizes-of-the-prebuilt-image">确定预构建映像的分区顺序和大小。</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#id2">增加虚拟磁盘大小</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/query-upstream.html">Query package info from upstream repository</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/query-upstream.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/query-upstream.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/query-upstream.html#configure-dnf">Configure DNF</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/query-upstream.html#dnf-command-usage-examples">DNF command usage examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/resource-limits.html">Resource limits</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/resource-limits.html#system-wide-limits">System-wide limits</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/resource-limits.html#per-user-limits">Per-user limits</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/resource-limits.html#service-limits">Service limits</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html">Restart system services after an OS update</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#basic-options">Basic options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#monitor-options">Monitor options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#example">Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#telemetry">Telemetry</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/restart.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/time.html">Set the time</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/validate-signatures.html">Validate signatures</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/validate-signatures.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/validate-signatures.html#image-content-validation">Image content validation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../maintenance/validate-signatures.html#update-content-validation">Update content validation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy-at-scale.html">Deploy at Scale</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy-at-scale.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy-at-scale.html#pick-a-usage-and-update-strategy">Pick a usage and update strategy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy-at-scale.html#pick-an-image-distribution-strategy">Pick an image distribution strategy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../deploy-at-scale.html#considerations-with-stateless-systems">Considerations with stateless systems</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../guides.html#network">Network</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/custom-clear-container.html">Build a custom Clear Linux* OS based Docker container image</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/custom-clear-container.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/custom-clear-container.html#build-the-base-container-image">Build the base container image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/custom-clear-container.html#manage-bundles-in-a-container">Manage bundles in a container</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html">Use DPDK to send packets between platforms</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#install-dpdk-and-build-l3fwd-example-platform-b">Install dpdk and build l3fwd example (Platform B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#build-pktgen-platform-a">Build pktgen (Platform A)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#bind-nics-to-dpdk-kernel-drivers-platforms-a-and-b">Bind NICs to DPDK kernel drivers (Platforms A and B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#set-hugepages-platforms-a-and-b">Set hugepages (Platforms A and B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#set-up-the-physical-environment-platforms-a-and-b">Set up the physical environment (Platforms A and B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#run-l3fwd-application-platform-b">Run l3fwd application (Platform B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#run-pktgen-application-platform-a">Run pktgen application (Platform A)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/dpdk.html#appendix-a-use-pass-through-for-virtual-machines">Appendix A: Use pass-through for virtual machines</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/ipxe-install.html">Install over the network with iPXE</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/ipxe-install.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/ipxe-install.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/ipxe-install.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/network-bonding.html">Combine multiple interfaces with network bonding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html">Remote-desktop to a host using VNC</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html#install-the-vnc-server-and-misc-components-on-your-host">Install the VNC server and misc. components on your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html#configure-a-vnc-server-start-method-on-your-host">Configure a VNC-server-start method on your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html#install-a-vnc-viewer-app-and-an-ssh-client-on-your-client-system">Install a VNC viewer app and an SSH client on your client system</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html#establish-a-vnc-connection-to-your-host">Establish a VNC connection to your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html#terminate-a-vnc-connection-to-your-host">Terminate a VNC connection to your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../network/vnc.html#encrypt-vnc-traffic-through-an-ssh-tunnel">Encrypt VNC traffic through an SSH tunnel</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../guides.html#kernel">Kernel</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Kernel development</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#request-changes-be-included-with-the-cl-kernel">Request changes be included with the Clear Linux OS kernel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#set-up-kernel-development-environment">Set up kernel development environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#customize-the-linux-kernel-source">Customize the Linux kernel source</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#build-and-install-the-kernel">Build and install the kernel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html">Add kernel modules manually</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#kernel-module-availability">Kernel module availability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#build-install-and-load-an-out-of-tree-module">Build, install, and load an out-of-tree module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#related-topic">Related topic</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html">Add kernel modules with DKMS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#kernel-module-availability">Kernel module availability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#install-dkms">Install DKMS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#build-install-and-load-an-out-of-tree-module">Build, install, and load an out-of-tree module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules-dkms.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../guides.html#stacks">Stacks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dars.html">Data Analytics Reference Stack</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dars.html#the-data-analytics-reference-stack-release">The Data Analytics Reference Stack release</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dars.html#using-the-docker-images">Using the Docker images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dars.html#building-dars-images">Building DARS images</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html">Enable AWS Greengrass* and OpenVINO™ toolkit</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#install-the-os-on-the-edge-device">Install the OS on the edge device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#configure-aws-greengrass-group">Configure AWS Greengrass group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#create-and-package-lambda-function">Create and package Lambda function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#configure-lambda-function">Configure Lambda function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#deploy-lambda-function">Deploy Lambda function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/greengrass.html#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html">Deep Learning Reference Stack</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#tensorflow-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks">TensorFlow single and multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#pytorch-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks">PyTorch single and multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#kubeflow-multi-node-benchmarks">Kubeflow multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#use-jupyter-notebook">Use Jupyter Notebook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#uninstallation">Uninstallation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../stacks/dlrs/dlrs.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorials.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/wordpress.html">WordPress* on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html">Set up a LAMP web server on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-apache">Install Apache</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#change-the-default-configuration-and-data-directory">Change the default configuration and data directory</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-php">Install PHP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-mariadb">Install MariaDB</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-phpmyadmin">Install phpMyAdmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#use-phpmyadmin-to-manage-a-database">Use phpMyAdmin to manage a database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/wp-install.html">Set up WordPress* on a LAMP web server</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/wp-install.html#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/wordpress/wp-install.html#create-a-wordpress-server">Create a WordPress server</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html">Use Flatpak* to install applications on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#install-flatpak-on-your-host-system">Install Flatpak on your host system</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#install-and-run-the-libreoffice-flatpak-image">Install and run the LibreOffice Flatpak image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#launch-libreoffice">Launch LibreOffice</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html">TensorFlow* machine learning on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#set-up-a-jupyter-notebook">Set up a Jupyter notebook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#run-the-jupyter-machine-learning-example-code">Run the Jupyter machine learning example code</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html">Run Docker* on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#install-the-containers-basic-bundle">Install the containers-basic bundle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#integration-with-kata-containers-optional">Integration with Kata Containers* (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#additional-docker-configuration">Additional Docker configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#pulling-and-running-an-image-from-docker-hub">Pulling and running an image from Docker Hub</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#creating-a-docker-swarm-cluster">Creating a Docker swarm cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html">Run Clear Linux* OS using Microsoft Azure CLI 2.0</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html#install-ms-azure-cli-2-0-on-cl">Install MS Azure CLI 2.0 on Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html#log-into-your-microsoft-azure-account">Log into your Microsoft Azure account</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html#create-a-ms-azure-resource-group">Create a MS Azure resource group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html#create-and-log-into-the-cl-virtual-machine">Create and log into the Clear Linux OS virtual machine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html#stop-and-deallocate-the-cl-vm-and-resources">Stop and deallocate the Clear Linux OS VM and resources</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/azure.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html">Set up a single node cluster with Hadoop*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html#install-apache-hadoop">Install Apache Hadoop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html#configure-apache-hadoop">Configure Apache Hadoop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html#configure-your-ssh-key">Configure your SSH key</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html#run-the-hadoop-daemons">Run the Hadoop daemons</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/hadoop.html#run-the-mapreduce-wordcount-example">Run the MapReduce wordcount example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/fmv.html">Use the function multi-version patch generator</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/fmv.html#install-and-configure-a-cl-host-on-bare-metal">Install and configure a Clear Linux OS host on bare metal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/fmv.html#detect-loop-vectorization-candidates">Detect loop vectorization candidates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/fmv.html#generate-the-fmv-patch">Generate the FMV patch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/fmv.html#fft-project-example-using-fftw">FFT project example using FFTW</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html">Create and launch Clear Linux* OS from Amazon Web Services</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#locate-select-and-launch-the-cl-basic-ami">Locate, select, and launch the Clear Linux OS Basic AMI</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#connect-to-your-clear-linux-os-basic-instance">Connect to your Clear Linux OS Basic instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#update-the-cl-instance">Update the Clear Linux OS instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#stop-the-cl-instance">Stop the Clear Linux OS instance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb.html">Enable simple file sharing with a Windows* machine using Samba*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb.html#set-up-file-sharing">Set up file sharing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb.html#map-cl-drive-in-windows">Map Clear Linux OS drive in Windows</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb-desktop.html">Connect to Windows* shared location from Clear Linux* OS desktop</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb-desktop.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/smb/smb-desktop.html#connect-to-windows-shared-location-with-nautilus">Connect to Windows shared location with Nautilus</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/spark.html">Set up a standalone cluster system using Apache* Spark*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/spark.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/spark.html#install-apache-spark">Install Apache Spark</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/spark.html#configure-apache-spark">Configure Apache Spark</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/spark.html#start-the-master-server-and-a-worker-daemon">Start the master server and a worker daemon</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/spark.html#run-the-spark-wordcount-example">Run the Spark wordcount example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata.html">Install Kata Containers*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata.html#id1">Install Kata Containers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata.html#run-kata-containers">Run Kata Containers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata.html#more-information-about-docker">More information about Docker</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata.html#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata_migration.html">Migrate Clear Containers to Kata Containers*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#stop-clear-containers-instances">Stop Clear Containers instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#manually-migrate-customized-configuration-files">Manually migrate customized configuration files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#enable-kata-containers-as-default">Enable Kata Containers as default</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#run-kata-containers">Run Kata Containers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html">Run Kubernetes*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#install-kubernetes-and-cri-runtimes">Install Kubernetes and CRI runtimes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#configure-kubernetes">Configure Kubernetes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#configure-and-run-kubernetes">Configure and run Kubernetes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#configure-and-run-cri-o-kata-runtime">Configure and run CRI-O + kata-runtime</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#install-pod-network-add-on">Install pod network add-on</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#use-your-cluster">Use your cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#cloud-native-setup-automation-optional">Cloud native setup automation (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#package-configuration-customization-optional">Package configuration customization (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#proxy-configuration-optional">Proxy configuration (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html">Kubernetes Best Practices on Clear Linux OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#use-swupd-to-update-clusters">Use swupd to update clusters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#update-the-control-plane">Update the control plane</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#update-worker-nodes">Update worker nodes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html">Enable YubiKey U2F Support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#enable-linux-udev-rules-for-yubikey">Enable Linux udev rules for YubiKey</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#enable-u2f-in-mozilla-firefox">Enable U2F in Mozilla Firefox</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html">Install NVIDIA* Drivers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#install-dkms">Install DKMS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#download-and-install-the-nvidia-drivers">Download and install the NVIDIA drivers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#download-the-nvidia-drivers-for-linux">Download the NVIDIA drivers for Linux</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#disable-the-nouveau-driver">Disable the nouveau driver</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#configure-alternative-software-paths">Configure alternative software paths</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#install-the-nvidia-drivers">Install the NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#updating-the-nvidia-drivers">Updating the NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#uninstalling-the-nvidia-drivers">Uninstalling the NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#debugging-installation-of-nvidia-drivers">Debugging installation of NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/nvidia.html#additional-resources">Additional resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html">Run Redis on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html#install-the-redis-bundle">Install the redis bundle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html#start-the-redis-server">Start the redis-server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html#example-1-use-the-redis-cli-and-try-commands">Example 1: Use the redis-cli and try commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html#example-2-run-the-cl-redis-docker-image">Example 2: Run the Clear Linux OS redis docker image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/redis.html#next-steps">Next Steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html">Setting up proxy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#shells-and-programs-in-a-desktop-session">Shells and programs in a desktop session</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#terminal">Terminal</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#wget">wget</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#system-service-docker">System service (Docker)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#git-over-ssh">git over ssh</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/reference.html">Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/compatible-hardware.html">Compatible Hardware</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundle-commands.html">Useful bundle commands</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundle-commands.html#additional-information">Additional information</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/bundles.html">Available bundles</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/bundles.html#bundle-list">Bundle list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html">openssh-server</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#change-default-port">Change default port</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#enable-sftp">Enable SFTP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#enable-root-login">Enable root login</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#enable-x11-forwarding">Enable X11-forwarding</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
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<div class="section" id="kernel-development">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>Kernel development</h1>
<p>This guide shows how to obtain and compile a Linux* kernel source using
Clear Linux* OS development tooling.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="id2">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview" id="id3">Overview</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#request-changes-be-included-with-the-cl-kernel" id="id4">Request changes be included with the Clear Linux OS kernel</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#set-up-kernel-development-environment" id="id5">Set up kernel development environment</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customize-the-linux-kernel-source" id="id6">Customize the Linux kernel source</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-and-install-the-kernel" id="id7">Build and install the kernel</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#related-topics" id="id8">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="overview">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Overview</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../clear/compatible-kernels.html#compatible-kernels"><span class="std std-ref">Kernels</span></a> available in Clear Linux OS aim to be performant and
practical. In some cases, it may be necessary to modify the kernel to suit your
specific needs or test new kernel code as a developer.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://cdn.download.clearlinux.org/current/source/SRPMS/">Source RPMs (SRPMS)</a> are also available for all Clear Linux OS kernels, and can be
used for development instead.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="request-changes-be-included-with-the-cl-kernel">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Request changes be included with the Clear Linux OS kernel</a></h2>
<p>If the kernel modification you need is already open source and likely to be
useful to others, consider submitting a request to include it in the
Clear Linux OS kernels. If your change request is accepted, you do not need to maintain
your own modified kernel.</p>
<p>Make enhancement requests to the Clear Linux OS <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/clearlinux/distribution/issues/new/choose">Distribution Project</a> on GitHub*.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="set-up-kernel-development-environment">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Set up kernel development environment</a></h2>
<p>In some cases, it may be necessary to modify the kernel to suit your specific
needs or to test new kernel code.</p>
<p>You can build and install a custom kernel; however you must:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Disable Secure Boot</li>
<li>Maintain any updates to the kernel going forward</li>
</ul>
<p>To create a custom kernel, start with the Clear Linux OS development environment.
Then make changes to the kernel, build it, and install it.</p>
<div class="section" id="install-the-cl-development-tooling-framework">
<h3>Install the Clear Linux OS development tooling framework</h3>
<p>Setup of the workspace and tooling used for building source in Clear Linux OS is mostly
automated for you with a setup script. It uses tools from the
<strong class="command">os-clr-on-clr</strong> bundle.</p>
<p>The setup script creates a workspace in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clearlinux</span></code> folder, with the
subfolders <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Makefile</span></code>, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">packages</span></code>, and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">projects</span></code>. The
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">projects</span></code> folder contains the main tools used for making packages in
Clear Linux OS <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">autospec</span></code> and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">common</span></code>.</p>
<p>Follow these steps to setup the workspace and tooling for building source:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Install the <strong class="command">os-clr-on-clr</strong> bundle:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo swupd bundle-add os-clr-on-clr
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Download the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user-setup.sh</span></code> script:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/clearlinux/common/master/user-setup.sh
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Make <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user-setup.sh</span></code> executable:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>chmod +x user-setup.sh
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Run the script as an unprivileged user:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>./user-setup.sh
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">After the script completes, log out and log in again to complete the setup
process.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Set your Git user email and username for the repos on your system:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git config --global user.email <span class="s2">&quot;you@example.com&quot;</span>
git config --global user.name <span class="s2">&quot;Your Name&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This global setting is used by Clear Linux OS tools that make use of Git.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="clone-the-kernel-package">
<h3>Clone the kernel package</h3>
<p>Clone the existing kernel package repository from Clear Linux OS as a starting point.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Clone the Linux kernel package from Clear Linux OS. Using the
<strong class="command">make clone_&lt;PACKAGENAME&gt;</strong> command in the
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clearlinux/</span></code> directory clones the package from the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/clearlinux-pkgs">clearlinux-pkgs</a> repo on GitHub.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> ~/clearlinux
make clone_linux
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Navigate into the cloned package directory.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> ~/clearlinux/packages/linux
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>The “linux” package is the kernel that comes with Clear Linux OS in the <strong class="command">kernel-native</strong>
bundle. Alternatively, you can use a different kernel variant as the base for
modification. For a list of kernel package names which you can clone instead,
see the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/clearlinux-pkgs">clearlinux-pkgs</a> repo on GitHub.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">注解</p>
<p class="last">The latest version of the Clear Linux OS kernel package is pulled as a starting
point. An older version can pulled by switching to different git tag by using
<strong class="command">git checkout tag/&lt;TAG_NAME&gt;</strong>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="change-the-kernel-version">
<h3>Change the kernel version</h3>
<p>Clear Linux OS tends to use the latest kernel available from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.kernel.org/">kernel.org</a>, the Linux
upstream. The kernel version that will be built can be changed in the
RPM SPEC file. While most packages in Clear Linux are typically packaged
using <a class="reference internal" href="../../concepts/autospec-about.html#autospec-about"><span class="std std-ref">Autospec</span></a>, the kernel is not. This means control files
provided by autospec are not available and changes must be made manually.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Open the Linux kernel package RPM SPEC file in an editor.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$EDITOR</span> linux.spec
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Modify the Version, Release, and Source0 URL entries at the top of the
file to change the version of Linux kernel that will be compiled.</p>
<p>A list of current and available kernel release can be found on
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.kernel.org/">kernel.org</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Name: linux
Version: <span class="m">4</span>.20.8
Release: <span class="m">696</span>
License: GPL-2.0
Summary: The Linux kernel
Url: http://www.kernel.org/
Group: kernel
Source0: https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.20.8.tar.xz
Source1: config
Source2: cmdline
%define ktarget native
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">注解</p>
<ul class="last simple">
<li>Consider changing the Name from <em>linux</em> in the RPM spec file to easily
identify a modified kernel.</li>
<li>Consider changing the ktarget from <em>native</em> in the RPM spec file to
easily identify a modified kernel.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Commit and save the changes to the file.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pull-a-copy-of-the-linux-kernel-source-code">
<span id="pull-copy-kernel-source"></span><h3>Pull a copy of the Linux kernel source code</h3>
<p>Obtain a local copy of the source code to make modifications against.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Run make sources to pull the kernel source code specified in the RPM
SPEC file. In the example, it downloads the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linux-4.20.8.tar.xz</span></code> file.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>make sources
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Extract the kernel source code archive. This will create a working copy
of the Linux source that you can modify.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>tar -xvf linux-4.20.8.tar.xz
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Navigate to the extracted directory. In this example, it has been
extracted into a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linux-4.20.8</span></code> directory.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> linux-4.20.8/
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customize-the-linux-kernel-source">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Customize the Linux kernel source</a></h2>
<p>After the kernel sources have been obtained, customizations to the kernel
configuration or source code can be made for inclusion with the kernel
build. These customizations are optional.</p>
<div class="section" id="modify-kernel-configuration">
<h3>Modify kernel configuration</h3>
<p>The kernel source has many configuration options available to pick support for
different hardware and software features.</p>
<p>These configuration values must be provided in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code> file at
compile time. You will need to make modifications to the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code>
file, and include it in the kernel package.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Make sure you have followed the steps to <a class="reference internal" href="#pull-copy-kernel-source"><span class="std std-ref">Pull a copy of the Linux kernel source code</span></a>
and are in the kernel source working directory.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">If you have an existing <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code> file from an old kernel, copy it
into the working directory as <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code> for comparison.
Otherwise, use the Clear Linux OS kernel configuration file as template</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cp ~/clearlinux/packages/linux/config .config
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Make any desired changes to the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code> using a kernel
configuration tool. Below are some popular options:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong class="command">$EDITOR .config</strong> - the .config file can be directly edited
for simple changes with names that are already known.</li>
<li><strong class="command">make config</strong> - a text-based tool that asks questions
one-by-one to decide configuration options.</li>
<li><strong class="command">make menuconfig</strong> - a terminal user interface that provides
menus to decide configuration options.</li>
<li><strong class="command">make xconfig</strong> - a graphical user interface that provides
tree views to decide configuration options.</li>
</ul>
<p>More configuration tools can be found by looking at the make help:
<strong class="command">make help | grep config</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Commit and save the changes to the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code> file.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Copy the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.config</span></code> file from the kernel source directory into
the kernel package directory as <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config</span></code> for inclusion in the build.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cp .config ../config
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="modify-kernel-source-code">
<h3>Modify kernel source code</h3>
<p>Changes to kernel code are applied with patch files. Patch files are
formatted git commits that can be applied to the main source code.</p>
<p>You will need to obtain a copy of the source code,
make modifications, generate patch file(s), and add them to the RPM SPEC
file for inclusion during the kernel build.</p>
<p>If you have a large number of patches or a more complex workflow,
consider using a patch management tool in addition to Git such as
<a class="reference external" href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt">Quilt</a>.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Make sure you have followed the steps to <a class="reference internal" href="#pull-copy-kernel-source"><span class="std std-ref">Pull a copy of the Linux kernel source code</span></a> and
are in the kernel source working directory.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Initialize the kernel source directory as a new git repo and create a
commit with all the existing source files to begin tracking changes.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git init
git add -A
git commit -m <span class="s2">&quot;Initial commit of Linux kernel source&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Apply patches provided by the Clear Linux OS kernel package to the kernel source
in the working directory.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git am ../*.patch
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Make any of your desired code changes to the Linux source code files.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Track and commit your changes to the local git repo.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git add &lt;FILENAME&gt;
git commit -m <span class="s2">&quot;My patch for driver A&quot;</span> &lt;FILENAME&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Generate a patch file based on your git commits.
&lt;n&gt; represents the number of local commits to create patch file.
See the <a class="reference external" href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-format-patch">git-format-patch</a> documentation for detailed information
on using <strong class="command">git format-patch</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git format-patch -&lt;n&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Copy the patch files from the patches directory in the linux
source tree to the RPM build directory.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>cp *.patch ~/clearlinux/packages/linux/
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Navigate back to the RPM build directory.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> ~/clearlinux/packages/linux/
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Open the Linux kernel package RPM SPEC file in an editor.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$EDITOR</span> linux.spec
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Locate the section of the SPEC file that contains existing patch
variable definitions and append your patch file name. Ensure the
patch number does not collide with an existing patch.
In this example, the patch file is called
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2001-my-patch-for-driver-A.patch</span></code></p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Small Clear Linux Tweaks</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
Patch0501: <span class="m">0501</span>-zero-extra-registers.patch
Patch0502: <span class="m">0502</span>-locking-rwsem-spin-faster.patch
<span class="c1">#Serie1.name WireGuard</span>
<span class="c1">#Serie1.git https://git.zx2c4.com/WireGuard</span>
<span class="c1">#Serie1.tag 00bf4f8c8c0ec006633a48fd9ee746b30bb9df17</span>
Patch1001: <span class="m">1001</span>-WireGuard-fast-modern-secure-kernel-VPN-tunnel.patch
<span class="c1">#Serie1.end</span>
Patch2001: <span class="m">2001</span>-my-patch-for-driver-A.patch
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Locate the section of the SPEC file further down that contains
patch application and append your patch file number used in the step above.
In this example, patch2001 is added.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># Small tweaks</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
%patch0501 -p1
%patch0502 -p1
<span class="c1">#Serie1.patch.start</span>
%patch1001 -p1
<span class="c1">#Serie1.patch.end</span>
%patch2001 -p1
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Commit and save the changes to the RPM SPEC file.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="modify-kernel-boot-parameters">
<h3>Modify kernel boot parameters</h3>
<p>The kernel boot options are passed from the bootloader to the kernel with
command-line parameters.</p>
<p>While temporary changes can be made to kernel parameters on a running
system or on a during boot, you can also modify the default parameters that
are persistent and distributed with a customized kernel.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Open the kernel <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmdline</span></code> file in an editor.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$EDITOR</span> cmdline
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Make any desired change to the kernel parameters.
For example, you can remove the <strong class="command">quiet</strong> parameter to see more
verbose output of kernel log messages during the boot process.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Commit and save the changes to the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmdline</span></code> file.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>See the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt">kernel parameters</a> documentation for a list of available
parameters.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="build-and-install-the-kernel">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Build and install the kernel</a></h2>
<p>After changes have been made to the kernel source and RPM SPEC file,
the kernel is ready to be compiled and packaged into an RPM.</p>
<p>The Clear Linux OS development tooling makes use of <strong class="command">mock</strong> environments to
isolate building of packages in a sanitized workspace.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Start the compilation process by issuing the <strong class="command">make build</strong>
command. This process is typically resource intensive and will take a while.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>make build
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">注解</p>
<p class="last">The mock plugin <a class="reference external" href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mock/Plugin/CCache?rd=Subprojects/Mock/Plugin/CCache">ccache</a> can be enabled to help speed up any future
rebuilds of the kernel package by caching compiler outputs and reusing
them.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The result will be multiple <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.rpm</span></code> files in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rpms</span></code>
directory as output.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ls rpms/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The kernel RPM will be named
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linux&lt;NAME&gt;-&lt;VERSION&gt;-&lt;RELEASE&gt;.x86_64.rpm</span></code></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The kernel RPM file can be input to the <a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#mixer"><span class="std std-ref">mixer</span></a> to create a
custom bundle and mix of Clear Linux OS.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Alternatively, the kernel RPM bundle can be installed manually on a local
machine for testing. This approach works well for individual development or
testing. For a more scalable and customizable approach, consider using the
<a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#mixer"><span class="std std-ref">mixer</span></a> to provide a custom kernel with updates.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Install the kernel onto the local system by extracting the RPM with the
<strong class="command">rpm2cpio</strong> command.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>rpm2cpio linux&lt;NAME&gt;-&lt;VERSION&gt;-&lt;RELEASE&gt;.x86_64.rpm <span class="p">|</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nb">cd</span> /<span class="p">;</span> sudo cpio -i -d -u -v<span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Update the Clear Linux OS boot manager using <strong class="command">clr-boot-manager</strong> and reboot.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo clr-boot-manager list-kernels
sudo clr-boot-manager set-kernel org.clearlinux.&lt;TARGET&gt;.&lt;VERSION&gt;-&lt;RELEASE&gt;
sudo reboot
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">After a reboot, verify the customized kernel is running.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>uname -a
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-topics">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Related topics</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="kernel-modules.html#kernel-modules"><span class="std std-ref">Add kernel modules manually</span></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="../clear/mixer.html#mixer"><span class="std std-ref">mixer</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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