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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/kvm.html">Run Clear Linux* OS as a KVM guest OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/kvm.html#install-qemu-kvm">Install QEMU-KVM</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html">Install a Clear Linux* OS VM in VirtualBox*</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#download-and-extract-the-cl-installer-iso">Download and extract the Clear Linux OS installer ISO</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#create-a-new-vb-virtual-machine">Create a new VirtualBox virtual machine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#install-cl-on-the-vb-vm">Install Clear Linux OS on the VirtualBox VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/virtualbox-cl-installer.html#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html">Install Clear Linux* OS as a VMware* Workstation Player guest OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#install-the-vmware-workstation-player-hypervisor">Install the VMware Workstation Player hypervisor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#download-the-latest-cl-installer">Download the latest Clear Linux OS installer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">Create and configure a new VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#install-cl-into-the-new-vm">Install Clear Linux OS into the new VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#detach-the-cl-installer-iso-from-the-vm">Detach the Clear Linux OS installer ISO from the VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#enable-uefi-boot-support">Enable UEFI boot support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html">Run pre-configured Clear Linux* OS image as a VMware* Workstation Player guest OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#install-the-vmware-workstation-player-hypervisor">Install the VMware Workstation Player hypervisor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#download-the-latest-cl-vmware-image">Download the latest Clear Linux OS VMware image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#image-types">Image types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">Create and configure a new VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#attach-the-pre-configured-cl-vmware-image">Attach the pre-configured Clear Linux OS VMware image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#enable-uefi-boot-support">Enable UEFI boot support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#power-on-the-vm">Power on the VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmw-player-preconf.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html">Install Clear Linux* OS as a VMware* ESXi guest OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#download-the-latest-cl-installer-iso">Download the latest Clear Linux OS installer ISO</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#upload-the-cl-installer-iso-to-the-vmware-server">Upload the Clear Linux OS installer ISO to the VMware server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">Create and configure a new VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#install-cl-into-the-new-vm">Install Clear Linux OS into the new VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#reconfigure-the-vm-s-settings-to-boot-the-newly-installed-cl">Reconfigure the VM’s settings to boot the newly-installed Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#power-on-the-vm-and-boot-cl">Power on the VM and boot Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-install-cl.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html">Run preconfigured Clear Linux* OS image as a VMware* ESXi guest OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#download-the-latest-cl-vmware-image">Download the latest Clear Linux OS VMware image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#upload-the-cl-image-to-the-vmware-server">Upload the Clear Linux OS image to the VMware server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#convert-the-cl-image-to-an-esxi-supported-format">Convert the Clear Linux OS image to an ESXi-supported format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#create-and-configure-a-new-vm">Create and configure a new VM</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#power-on-the-vm-and-boot-cl">Power on the VM and boot Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/virtual-machine-install/vmware-esxi-preconfigured-cl-image.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html">Increase virtual disk size of an image</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#determine-the-partition-order-and-sizes-of-the-prebuilt-image">Determine the partition order and sizes of the prebuilt image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#id1">Increase virtual disk size</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../guides.html#clear-linux">Clear Linux</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/autoproxy.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/autoproxy.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/autospec.html">autospec</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/autospec.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/autospec.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/compatible-kernels.html">Kernels</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/compatible-kernels.html#bare-metal-only">Bare metal only</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/compatible-kernels.html#also-compatible-with-vms">Also compatible with VMs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/compatible-kernels.html#vm-only">VM only</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/debug.html">Debug system</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/debug.html#background">Background</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/debug.html#usage">Usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/debug.html#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/ister.html">ister.py image builder</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/ister.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/ister.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/ister.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/mixer.html">mixer</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/mixer.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/mixer.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/mixer.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/mixer.html#references">References</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/mixer.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/security.html">OS Security</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/security.html#security-in-updates">Security in updates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/security.html#security-in-software">Security in software</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/security.html#security-in-system-design">Security in system design</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/stateless.html">Stateless</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/stateless.html#file-level-separation">File-level separation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/stateless.html#software-configuration">Software configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/stateless.html#system-reset">System reset</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/stateless.html#additional-information">Additional information</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/swupd-guide.html">swupd</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/swupd-guide.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/swupd-guide.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/swupd-guide.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/swupd-guide.html#quick-reference">Quick reference</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../clear/swupd-guide.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../telemetrics/telem-guide.html">Telemetrics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#how-to-use">How to use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../telemetrics/telem-guide.html#reference">Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../guides.html#maintenance">Maintenance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html">Architect the life-cycle of Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#content-workflow">Content Workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#release-workflow">Release Workflow</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/architect-lifecycle.html#implementation">Implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html">Assign a static IP address</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html#identify-which-program-is-managing-the-interface">Identify which program is managing the interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html#using-networkmanager">Using NetworkManager</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/assign-static-ip.html#using-systemd-networkd">Using systemd-networkd</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/bulk-provision.html">Bulk provision</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/bulk-provision.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/bulk-provision.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/bulk-provision.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/cpu-performance.html">CPU Power and Performance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#cpu-power-saving-mechanisms">CPU power saving mechanisms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#linux-cpu-clock-frequency-scaling">Linux CPU clock frequency scaling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/cpu-performance.html#thermal-management">Thermal management</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/developer-workstation.html">Developer Workstation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/developer-workstation.html#workstation-setup">Workstation Setup</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/developer-workstation.html#swupd-search">swupd search</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/developer-workstation.html#core-concepts">Core Concepts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html">Download, verify, and decompress a Clear Linux* OS image</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#linux-os-steps">Linux OS steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#macos-steps">macOS* steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#windows-os-steps">Windows* OS steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/download-verify-decompress.html#image-types">Image types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/enable-user-space.html">Create and enable a new user space</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#create-a-new-user">Create a new user</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#add-the-new-user-to-the-wheel-group">Add the new user to the <em>wheel</em> group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#install-and-update-the-os-software-to-its-current-version">Install and update the OS software to its current version</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#add-a-bundle">Add a bundle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/enable-user-space.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html">Fix a broken installation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#boot-a-live-desktop-image-to-fix-target-system">Boot a live desktop image to fix target system</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#install-from-live-image">Install from live image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/fix-broken-install.html#mount-root-partition-verify-and-fix">Mount root partition, verify, and fix</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/hostname.html">Modify hostname</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/hostname.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/hostname.html#set-your-hostname">Set your hostname</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/hostname.html#view-your-hostname">View your hostname</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html">Increase virtual disk size of an image</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#determine-the-partition-order-and-sizes-of-the-prebuilt-image">Determine the partition order and sizes of the prebuilt image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/increase-virtual-disk-size.html#id1">Increase virtual disk size</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/query-upstream.html">Query package info from upstream repository</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/query-upstream.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/query-upstream.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/query-upstream.html#configure-dnf">Configure DNF</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/query-upstream.html#dnf-command-usage-examples">DNF command usage examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/resource-limits.html">Resource limits</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/resource-limits.html#system-wide-limits">System-wide limits</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/resource-limits.html#per-user-limits">Per-user limits</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/resource-limits.html#service-limits">Service limits</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html">Restart system services after an OS update</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#basic-options">Basic options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#monitor-options">Monitor options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#example">Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#telemetry">Telemetry</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/restart.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/time.html">Set the time</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/validate-signatures.html">Validate signatures</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/validate-signatures.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/validate-signatures.html#image-content-validation">Image content validation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../maintenance/validate-signatures.html#update-content-validation">Update content validation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy-at-scale.html">Deploy at Scale</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy-at-scale.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy-at-scale.html#pick-a-usage-and-update-strategy">Pick a usage and update strategy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy-at-scale.html#pick-an-image-distribution-strategy">Pick an image distribution strategy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../deploy-at-scale.html#considerations-with-stateless-systems">Considerations with stateless systems</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../guides.html#network">Network</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/custom-clear-container.html">Build a custom Clear Linux* OS based Docker container image</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/custom-clear-container.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/custom-clear-container.html#build-the-base-container-image">Build the base container image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/custom-clear-container.html#manage-bundles-in-a-container">Manage bundles in a container</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html">Use DPDK to send packets between platforms</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#install-dpdk-and-build-l3fwd-example-platform-b">Install dpdk and build l3fwd example (Platform B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#build-pktgen-platform-a">Build pktgen (Platform A)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#bind-nics-to-dpdk-kernel-drivers-platforms-a-and-b">Bind NICs to DPDK kernel drivers (Platforms A and B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#set-hugepages-platforms-a-and-b">Set hugepages (Platforms A and B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#set-up-the-physical-environment-platforms-a-and-b">Set up the physical environment (Platforms A and B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#run-l3fwd-application-platform-b">Run l3fwd application (Platform B)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#run-pktgen-application-platform-a">Run pktgen application (Platform A)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/dpdk.html#appendix-a-use-pass-through-for-virtual-machines">Appendix A: Use pass-through for virtual machines</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/ipxe-install.html">Install over the network with iPXE</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/ipxe-install.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/ipxe-install.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/ipxe-install.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/network-bonding.html">Combine multiple interfaces with network bonding</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html">Remote-desktop to a host using VNC</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html#install-the-vnc-server-and-misc-components-on-your-host">Install the VNC server and misc. components on your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html#configure-a-vnc-server-start-method-on-your-host">Configure a VNC-server-start method on your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html#install-a-vnc-viewer-app-and-an-ssh-client-on-your-client-system">Install a VNC viewer app and an SSH client on your client system</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html#establish-a-vnc-connection-to-your-host">Establish a VNC connection to your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html#terminate-a-vnc-connection-to-your-host">Terminate a VNC connection to your host</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../network/vnc.html#encrypt-vnc-traffic-through-an-ssh-tunnel">Encrypt VNC traffic through an SSH tunnel</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../guides.html#kernel">Kernel</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html">Kernel development</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html#request-changes-be-included-with-the-cl-kernel">Request changes be included with the Clear Linux OS kernel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html#set-up-kernel-development-environment">Set up kernel development environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html#customize-the-linux-kernel-source">Customize the Linux kernel source</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html#build-and-install-the-kernel">Build and install the kernel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-development.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html">Add kernel modules manually</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html#kernel-module-availability">Kernel module availability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html#build-install-and-load-an-out-of-tree-module">Build, install, and load an out-of-tree module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules.html#related-topic">Related topic</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html">Add kernel modules with DKMS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#description">Description</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#kernel-module-availability">Kernel module availability</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#install-dkms">Install DKMS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#build-install-and-load-an-out-of-tree-module">Build, install, and load an out-of-tree module</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../kernel/kernel-modules-dkms.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="../../guides.html#stacks">Stacks</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../dars.html">Data Analytics Reference Stack</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../dars.html#the-data-analytics-reference-stack-release">The Data Analytics Reference Stack release</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../dars.html#using-the-docker-images">Using the Docker images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../dars.html#building-dars-images">Building DARS images</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html">Enable AWS Greengrass* and OpenVINO™ toolkit</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#install-the-os-on-the-edge-device">Install the OS on the edge device</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#configure-aws-greengrass-group">Configure AWS Greengrass group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#create-and-package-lambda-function">Create and package Lambda function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#configure-lambda-function">Configure Lambda function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#deploy-lambda-function">Deploy Lambda function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../greengrass.html#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Deep Learning Reference Stack</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#tensorflow-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks">TensorFlow single and multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#pytorch-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks">PyTorch single and multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#kubeflow-multi-node-benchmarks">Kubeflow multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#use-jupyter-notebook">Use Jupyter Notebook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#uninstallation">Uninstallation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorials.html">Tutorials</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/wordpress.html">WordPress* on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html">Set up a LAMP web server on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-apache">Install Apache</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#change-the-default-configuration-and-data-directory">Change the default configuration and data directory</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-php">Install PHP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-mariadb">Install MariaDB</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#install-phpmyadmin">Install phpMyAdmin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#use-phpmyadmin-to-manage-a-database">Use phpMyAdmin to manage a database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/web-server-install.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/wp-install.html">Set up WordPress* on a LAMP web server</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/wp-install.html#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/wordpress/wp-install.html#create-a-wordpress-server">Create a WordPress server</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html">Use Flatpak* to install applications on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#install-flatpak-on-your-host-system">Install Flatpak on your host system</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#install-and-run-the-libreoffice-flatpak-image">Install and run the LibreOffice Flatpak image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/flatpak/flatpak.html#launch-libreoffice">Launch LibreOffice</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html">TensorFlow* machine learning on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#set-up-a-jupyter-notebook">Set up a Jupyter notebook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#run-the-jupyter-machine-learning-example-code">Run the Jupyter machine learning example code</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/machine-learning/machine-learning.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html">Run Docker* on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#install-the-containers-basic-bundle">Install the containers-basic bundle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#integration-with-kata-containers-optional">Integration with Kata Containers* (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#additional-docker-configuration">Additional Docker configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#pulling-and-running-an-image-from-docker-hub">Pulling and running an image from Docker Hub</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#creating-a-docker-swarm-cluster">Creating a Docker swarm cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/docker/docker.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html">Run Clear Linux* OS using Microsoft Azure CLI 2.0</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html#install-ms-azure-cli-2-0-on-cl">Install MS Azure CLI 2.0 on Clear Linux OS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html#log-into-your-microsoft-azure-account">Log into your Microsoft Azure account</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html#create-a-ms-azure-resource-group">Create a MS Azure resource group</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html#create-and-log-into-the-cl-virtual-machine">Create and log into the Clear Linux OS virtual machine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html#stop-and-deallocate-the-cl-vm-and-resources">Stop and deallocate the Clear Linux OS VM and resources</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/azure.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html">Set up a single node cluster with Hadoop*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html#install-apache-hadoop">Install Apache Hadoop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html#configure-apache-hadoop">Configure Apache Hadoop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html#configure-your-ssh-key">Configure your SSH key</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html#run-the-hadoop-daemons">Run the Hadoop daemons</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/hadoop.html#run-the-mapreduce-wordcount-example">Run the MapReduce wordcount example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/fmv.html">Use the function multi-version patch generator</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/fmv.html#install-and-configure-a-cl-host-on-bare-metal">Install and configure a Clear Linux OS host on bare metal</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/fmv.html#detect-loop-vectorization-candidates">Detect loop vectorization candidates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/fmv.html#generate-the-fmv-patch">Generate the FMV patch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/fmv.html#fft-project-example-using-fftw">FFT project example using FFTW</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html">Create and launch Clear Linux* OS from Amazon Web Services</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#locate-select-and-launch-the-cl-basic-ami">Locate, select, and launch the Clear Linux OS Basic AMI</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#connect-to-your-clear-linux-os-basic-instance">Connect to your Clear Linux OS Basic instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#update-the-cl-instance">Update the Clear Linux OS instance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/aws-web/aws-web.html#stop-the-cl-instance">Stop the Clear Linux OS instance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb.html">Enable simple file sharing with a Windows* machine using Samba*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb.html#set-up-file-sharing">Set up file sharing</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb.html#map-cl-drive-in-windows">Map Clear Linux OS drive in Windows</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb-desktop.html">Connect to Windows* shared location from Clear Linux* OS desktop</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb-desktop.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/smb/smb-desktop.html#connect-to-windows-shared-location-with-nautilus">Connect to Windows shared location with Nautilus</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/spark.html">Set up a standalone cluster system using Apache* Spark*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/spark.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/spark.html#install-apache-spark">Install Apache Spark</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/spark.html#configure-apache-spark">Configure Apache Spark</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/spark.html#start-the-master-server-and-a-worker-daemon">Start the master server and a worker daemon</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/spark.html#run-the-spark-wordcount-example">Run the Spark wordcount example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata.html">Install Kata Containers*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata.html#id1">Install Kata Containers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata.html#run-kata-containers">Run Kata Containers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata.html#more-information-about-docker">More information about Docker</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata.html#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata_migration.html">Migrate Clear Containers to Kata Containers*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#stop-clear-containers-instances">Stop Clear Containers instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#manually-migrate-customized-configuration-files">Manually migrate customized configuration files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#enable-kata-containers-as-default">Enable Kata Containers as default</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kata_migration.html#run-kata-containers">Run Kata Containers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html">Run Kubernetes*</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#install-kubernetes-and-cri-runtimes">Install Kubernetes and CRI runtimes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#configure-kubernetes">Configure Kubernetes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#configure-and-run-kubernetes">Configure and run Kubernetes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#configure-and-run-cri-o-kata-runtime">Configure and run CRI-O + kata-runtime</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#install-pod-network-add-on">Install pod network add-on</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#use-your-cluster">Use your cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#cloud-native-setup-automation-optional">Cloud native setup automation (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#package-configuration-customization-optional">Package configuration customization (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#proxy-configuration-optional">Proxy configuration (optional)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#next-steps">Next steps</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html">Kubernetes Best Practices on Clear Linux OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#use-swupd-to-update-clusters">Use swupd to update clusters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#update-the-control-plane">Update the control plane</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes-bp.html#update-worker-nodes">Update worker nodes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html">Enable YubiKey U2F Support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#enable-linux-udev-rules-for-yubikey">Enable Linux udev rules for YubiKey</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#enable-u2f-in-mozilla-firefox">Enable U2F in Mozilla Firefox</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/yubikey-u2f.html#related-topics">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html">Install NVIDIA* Drivers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#install-dkms">Install DKMS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#download-and-install-the-nvidia-drivers">Download and install the NVIDIA drivers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#download-the-nvidia-drivers-for-linux">Download the NVIDIA drivers for Linux</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#disable-the-nouveau-driver">Disable the nouveau driver</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#configure-alternative-software-paths">Configure alternative software paths</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#install-the-nvidia-drivers">Install the NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#updating-the-nvidia-drivers">Updating the NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#uninstalling-the-nvidia-drivers">Uninstalling the NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#debugging-installation-of-nvidia-drivers">Debugging installation of NVIDIA drivers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/nvidia.html#additional-resources">Additional resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html">Run Redis on Clear Linux* OS</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html#install-the-redis-bundle">Install the redis bundle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html#start-the-redis-server">Start the redis-server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html#example-1-use-the-redis-cli-and-try-commands">Example 1: Use the redis-cli and try commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html#example-2-run-the-cl-redis-docker-image">Example 2: Run the Clear Linux OS redis docker image</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/redis.html#next-steps">Next Steps</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html">Setting up proxy</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#shells-and-programs-in-a-desktop-session">Shells and programs in a desktop session</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#terminal">Terminal</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#wget">wget</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#system-service-docker">System service (Docker)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/tutorial-proxy.html#git-over-ssh">git over ssh</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/reference.html">Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/compatible-hardware.html">Compatible Hardware</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundle-commands.html">Useful bundle commands</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundle-commands.html#additional-information">Additional information</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/bundles.html">Available bundles</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/bundles.html#bundle-list">Bundle list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html">openssh-server</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#change-default-port">Change default port</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#enable-sftp">Enable SFTP</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#enable-root-login">Enable root login</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/bundles/openssh-server.html#enable-x11-forwarding">Enable X11-forwarding</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/collaboration.html">Documentation guidelines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/collaboration.html#contribution-guidelines">Contribution guidelines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/writing-guide.html">Writing guide: Describes the style we use to keep our documents clear and concise.</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/structure-formatting.html">Structure and formatting guide: Explains how we organize and format content, using reStructuredText and Sphinx.</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/collaboration.html#how-to-contribute">How to contribute</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/collaboration.html#contribute-via-github">Contribute via GitHub</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/collaboration/collaboration.html#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/system-requirements.html">Recommended minimum system requirements</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/system-requirements.html#installer-requirements">Installer requirements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/system-requirements.html#id1">System requirements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../../../reference/system-requirements.html#recommended-configurations">Recommended configurations</a></li>
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<li>Deep Learning Reference Stack</li>
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<div class="section" id="deep-learning-reference-stack">
<span id="dlrs"></span><h1>Deep Learning Reference Stack</h1>
<p>This guide describes how to run benchmarking workloads for TensorFlow*,
PyTorch*, and Kubeflow in Clear Linux* OS using the Deep Learning Reference Stack.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview" id="id2">Overview</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tensorflow-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks" id="id3">TensorFlow single and multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pytorch-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks" id="id4">PyTorch single and multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kubeflow-multi-node-benchmarks" id="id5">Kubeflow multi-node benchmarks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#use-jupyter-notebook" id="id6">Use Jupyter Notebook</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#uninstallation" id="id7">Uninstallation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#related-topics" id="id8">Related topics</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="overview">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Overview</a></h2>
<p>We created the Deep Learning Reference Stack to help AI developers deliver
the best experience on Intel® Architecture. This stack reduces complexity
common with deep learning software components, provides flexibility for
customized solutions, and enables you to quickly prototype and deploy Deep
Learning workloads. Use this guide to run benchmarking workloads on your
solution.</p>
<p>The Deep Learning Reference Stack is available in the following versions:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-mkl-vnni">Intel MKL-DNN-VNNI</a>, which is optimized using Intel® Math Kernel Library
for Deep Neural Networks (Intel® MKL-DNN) primitives and introduces support
for Intel® AVX-512 Vector Neural Network Instructions (VNNI).</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-mkl/">Intel MKL-DNN</a>, which includes the TensorFlow framework optimized using
Intel® Math Kernel Library for Deep Neural Networks (Intel® MKL-DNN)
primitives.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-oss/">Eigen</a>, which includes <a class="reference external" href="https://www.tensorflow.org/">TensorFlow</a> optimized for Intel® architecture.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-pytorch-oss">PyTorch with OpenBLAS</a>, which includes PyTorch with OpenBlas.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-pytorch-mkl">PyTorch with Intel MKL-DNN</a>, which includes PyTorch optimized using Intel®
Math Kernel Library (Intel® MKL) and Intel MKL-DNN.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>To take advantage of the Intel® AVX-512 and VNNI functionality with the Deep
Learning Reference Stack, you must use the following hardware:</p>
<ul class="last simple">
<li>Intel® AVX-512 images require an Intel® Xeon® Scalable Platform</li>
<li>VNNI requires a 2nd generation Intel® Xeon® Scalable Platform</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="stack-features">
<h3>Stack features</h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://clearlinux.org/stacks/deep-learning-reference-stack-v3">DLRS V3.0</a> release announcement.</li>
<li>Deep Learning Reference Stack v2.0 including current
<a class="reference external" href="https://clearlinux.org/stacks/deep-learning-reference-stack-pytorch">PyTorch benchmark</a>.</li>
<li>Deep Learning Reference Stack v1.0 including current
<a class="reference external" href="https://clearlinux.org/stacks/deep-learning-reference-stack">TensorFlow benchmark</a> results.</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/clearlinux/dockerfiles/blob/master/stacks/dlrs/releasenote.md">DLRS Release notes</a> on Github* for the latest release of Deep Learning
Reference Stack.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The Deep Learning Reference Stack is a collective work, and each piece of
software within the work has its own license. Please see the <a class="reference external" href="https://clearlinux.org/stacks/deep-learning/terms-of-use">DLRS Terms of Use</a>
for more details about licensing and usage of the Deep Learning Reference Stack.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="prerequisites">
<h3>Prerequisites</h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="../../../get-started/bare-metal-install-desktop/bare-metal-install-desktop.html#bare-metal-install-desktop"><span class="std std-ref">Install</span></a> Clear Linux OS on your host system</li>
<li><strong class="command">containers-basic</strong> bundle</li>
<li><strong class="command">cloud-native-basic</strong> bundle</li>
</ul>
<p>In Clear Linux OS, <strong class="command">containers-basic</strong> includes Docker*, which is required for
TensorFlow and PyTorch benchmarking. Use the <strong class="command">swupd</strong> utility to
check if <strong class="command">containers-basic</strong> and <strong class="command">cloud-native-basic</strong> are
present:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo swupd bundle-list
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To install the <strong class="command">containers-basic</strong> or <strong class="command">cloud-native-basic</strong>
bundles, enter:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo swupd bundle-add containers-basic cloud-native-basic
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Docker is not started upon installation of the <strong class="command">containers-basic</strong>
bundle. To start Docker, enter:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl start docker
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To ensure that Kubernetes is correctly installed and configured, follow the
instructions in <a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#kubernetes"><span class="std std-ref">Run Kubernetes*</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="version-compatibility">
<h3>Version compatibility</h3>
<p>We validated these steps against the following software package versions:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Clear Linux OS 26240 (Minimum supported version)</li>
<li>Docker 18.06.1</li>
<li>Kubernetes 1.11.3</li>
<li>Go 1.11.12</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The Deep Learning Reference Stack was developed to provide the best user
experience when executed on a Clear Linux OS host. However, as the stack runs in a
container environment, you should be able to complete the following sections of this guide on other Linux* distributions, provided they comply with the Docker*, Kubernetes* and Go* package versions listed above. Look for your distribution documentation on how to update packages and manage Docker services.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tensorflow-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">TensorFlow single and multi-node benchmarks</a></h2>
<p>This section describes running the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/performance/benchmarks">TensorFlow Benchmarks</a> in single node.
For multi-node testing, replicate these steps for each node. These steps
provide a template to run other benchmarks, provided that they can invoke
TensorFlow.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Performance test results for the Deep Learning Reference Stack and for this
guide were obtained using <cite>runc</cite> as the runtime.</p>
</div>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Download either the <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-oss/">Eigen</a> or the <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-mkl/">Intel MKL-DNN</a> Docker image
from <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/">Docker Hub</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Run the image with Docker:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker run --name &lt;image name&gt; --rm -i -t &lt;clearlinux/
stacks-dlrs-TYPE&gt; bash
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Launching the Docker image with the <strong class="command">-i</strong> argument starts
interactive mode within the container. Enter the following commands in
the running container.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Clone the benchmark repository in the container:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git clone http://github.com/tensorflow/benchmarks -b cnn_tf_v1.12_compatible
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Execute the benchmark script:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>python benchmarks/scripts/tf_cnn_benchmarks/tf_cnn_benchmarks.py --device<span class="o">=</span>cpu --model<span class="o">=</span>resnet50 --data_format<span class="o">=</span>NHWC
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You can replace the model with one of your choice supported by the
TensorFlow benchmarks.</p>
<p class="last">If you are using an FP32 based model, it can be converted to an int8 model
using <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/IntelAI/tools/blob/master/tensorflow_quantization/README.md#quantization-tools">Intel® quantization tools</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pytorch-single-and-multi-node-benchmarks">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">PyTorch single and multi-node benchmarks</a></h2>
<p>This section describes running the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/caffe2/python/convnet_benchmarks.py">PyTorch benchmarks</a> for Caffe2 in
single node.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Download either the <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-pytorch-oss">PyTorch with OpenBLAS</a> or the <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-pytorch-mkl">PyTorch with Intel
MKL-DNN</a> Docker image from <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/">Docker Hub</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Run the image with Docker:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker run --name &lt;image name&gt; --rm -i -t &lt;clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-TYPE&gt; bash
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Launching the Docker image with the <strong class="command">-i</strong> argument starts
interactive mode within the container. Enter the following commands in
the running container.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Clone the benchmark repository:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>git clone https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch.git
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Execute the benchmark script:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> pytorch/caffe2/python
python convnet_benchmarks.py --batch_size <span class="m">32</span> <span class="se">\</span>
--cpu <span class="se">\</span>
--model AlexNet
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubeflow-multi-node-benchmarks">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Kubeflow multi-node benchmarks</a></h2>
<p>The benchmark workload runs in a Kubernetes cluster. The guide uses
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.kubeflow.org/">Kubeflow</a> for the Machine Learning workload deployment on three nodes.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">If you choose the Intel® MKL-DNN or Intel® MKL-DNN-VNNI image, your platform
must support the Intel® AVX-512 instruction set. Otherwise, an
<em>illegal instruction</em> error may appear, and you won’t be able to complete this guide.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubernetes-setup">
<h3>Kubernetes setup</h3>
<p>Follow the instructions in the <a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#kubernetes"><span class="std std-ref">Run Kubernetes*</span></a> tutorial to get set up on
Clear Linux OS. The Kubernetes community also has instructions for creating a cluster,
described in <a class="reference external" href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm/">Creating a single control-plane cluster with kubeadm</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubernetes-networking">
<h3>Kubernetes networking</h3>
<p>We used <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/coreos/flannel">flannel</a> as the network provider for these tests. If you
prefer a different network layer, refer to the Kubernetes network documentation
described in <a class="reference external" href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm/">Creating a single control-plane cluster with kubeadm</a> for setup.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubectl">
<h3>Kubectl</h3>
<p>You can use kubectl to run commands against your Kubernetes cluster. Refer to
the <a class="reference external" href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/">Overview of kubectl</a> for details on syntax and operations. Once you have a
working cluster on Kubernetes, use the following YAML script to start a pod with
a simple shell script, and keep the pod open.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Copy this example.yaml script to your system:</p>
<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">apiVersion: v1</span>
<span class="go">kind: Pod</span>
<span class="go">metadata:</span>
<span class="go"> name: example-pod</span>
<span class="go"> labels:</span>
<span class="go"> app: ex-pod</span>
<span class="go">spec:</span>
<span class="go"> containers:</span>
<span class="go"> - name: ex-pod-container</span>
<span class="go"> image: clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-mkl:latest</span>
<span class="go"> command: [&#39;/bin/bash&#39;, &#39;-c&#39;, &#39;--&#39;]</span>
<span class="go"> args: [ &quot;while true; do sleep 30; done&quot; ]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Execute the script with kubectl:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>kubectl apply –f &lt;path-to-yaml-file&gt;/example.yaml
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>This script opens a single pod. More robust solutions would create a deployment
or inject a python script or larger shell script into the container.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="images">
<h3>Images</h3>
<p>You must add <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/clearlinux/dockerfiles/tree/master/stacks/dlrs/kubeflow">launcher.py</a> to the Docker image to include the Deep
Learning Reference Stack and put the benchmarks repo in the correct
location. Note that this guide uses Kubeflow v0.4.0, and cannot guarantee results if you use a different version.</p>
<p>From the Docker image, run the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir -p /opt
git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/benchmarks.git /opt/tf-benchmarks
cp launcher.py /opt
chmod u+x /opt/*
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Your entry point becomes: <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/opt/launcher.py</span></code>.</p>
<p>This builds an image that can be consumed directly by TFJob from Kubeflow.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ksonnet">
<h3>ksonnet*</h3>
<p>Kubeflow uses ksonnet* to manage deployments, so you must install it
before setting up Kubeflow.</p>
<p>ksonnet was added to the <strong class="command">cloud-native-basic</strong> bundle in Clear Linux OS version
27550. If you are using an older Clear Linux OS version (not recommended), you must
manually install ksonnet as described below.</p>
<p>On Clear Linux OS, follow these steps:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>swupd bundle-add go-basic-dev
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">GOPATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$HOME</span>/go
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PATH</span>:<span class="nv">$GOPATH</span>/bin
go get github.com/ksonnet/ksonnet
<span class="nb">cd</span> <span class="nv">$GOPATH</span>/src/github.com/ksonnet/ksonnet
make install
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>After the ksonnet installation is complete, ensure that binary <cite>ks</cite> is
accessible across the environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubeflow">
<h3>Kubeflow</h3>
<p>Once you have Kubernetes running on your nodes, set up <a class="reference external" href="https://www.kubeflow.org/">Kubeflow</a> by
following these instructions from the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.kubeflow.org/docs/started/getting-started/">Getting Started with Kubeflow</a> guide.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">KUBEFLOW_SRC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$HOME</span>/kflow
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">KUBEFLOW_TAG</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;v0.4.1&quot;</span>
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">KFAPP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;kflow_app&quot;</span>
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">K8S_NAMESPACE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;kubeflow&quot;</span>
mkdir <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">KUBEFLOW_SRC</span><span class="si">}</span>
<span class="nb">cd</span> <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">KUBEFLOW_SRC</span><span class="si">}</span>
ks init <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">KFAPP</span><span class="si">}</span>
<span class="nb">cd</span> <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">KFAPP</span><span class="si">}</span>
ks registry add kubeflow github.com/kubeflow/kubeflow/tree/<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">KUBEFLOW_TAG</span><span class="si">}</span>/kubeflow
ks pkg install kubeflow/common
ks pkg install kubeflow/tf-training
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Next, deploy the primary package for our purposes: tf-job-operator.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ks env rm default
kubectl create namespace <span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">K8S_NAMESPACE</span><span class="si">}</span>
ks env add default --namespace <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">K8S_NAMESPACE</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
ks generate tf-job-operator tf-job-operator
ks apply default -c tf-job-operator
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This creates the CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) endpoint to launch a TFJob.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="run-a-tfjob">
<h3>Run a TFJob</h3>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Get the ksonnet registries for deploying TFJobs from <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/clearlinux/dockerfiles/tree/master/stacks/dlrs/kubeflow/dlrs-tfjob">dlrs-tfjob</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Install the TFJob components as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ks registry add dlrs-tfjob github.com/clearlinux/dockerfiles/tree/master/stacks/dlrs/kubeflow/dlrs-tfjob
ks pkg install dlrs-tfjob/dlrs-bench
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Export the image name to use for the deployment:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DLRS_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span>&lt;docker_name&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Replace &lt;docker_name&gt; with the image name you specified in previous steps.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Generate Kubernetes manifests for the workloads and apply them using these
commands:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ks generate dlrs-resnet50 dlrsresnet50 --name<span class="o">=</span>dlrsresnet50 --image<span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DLRS_IMAGE</span><span class="si">}</span>
ks generate dlrs-alexnet dlrsalexnet --name<span class="o">=</span>dlrsalexnet --image<span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DLRS_IMAGE</span><span class="si">}</span>
ks apply default -c dlrsresnet50
ks apply default -c dlrsalexnet
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>This replicates and deploys three test setups in your Kubernetes cluster.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="results-of-running-this-guide">
<h3>Results of running this guide</h3>
<p>You must parse the logs of the Kubernetes pod to retrieve performance
data. The pods will still exist post-completion and will be in
‘Completed’ state. You can get the logs from any of the pods to inspect the
benchmark results. More information about Kubernetes logging is available
in the Kubernetes <a class="reference external" href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/">Logging Architecture</a> documentation.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="use-jupyter-notebook">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Use Jupyter Notebook</a></h2>
<p>This example uses the <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/clearlinux/stacks-pytorch-oss">PyTorch with OpenBLAS</a> container image. After it is
downloaded, run the Docker image with <strong class="command">-p</strong> to specify the shared port
between the container and the host. This example uses port 8888.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker run --name pytorchtest --rm -i -t -p <span class="m">8888</span>:8888 clearlinux/stacks-pytorch-oss bash
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>After you start the container, launch the Jupyter Notebook. This
command is executed inside the container image.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>jupyter notebook --ip <span class="m">0</span>.0.0.0 --no-browser --allow-root
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>After the notebook has loaded, you will see output similar to the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">To access the notebook, open this file in a browser: file:///.local/share/jupyter/runtime/nbserver-16-open.html</span>
<span class="go">Or copy and paste one of these URLs:</span>
<span class="go">http://(846e526765e3 or 127.0.0.1):8888/?token=6357dbd072bea7287c5f0b85d31d70df344f5d8843fbfa09</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>From your host system, or any system that can access the host’s IP address,
start a web browser with the following. If you are not running the browser on
the host system, replace <strong class="command">127.0.0.1</strong> with the IP address of the host.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>http://127.0.0.1:8888/?token<span class="o">=</span>6357dbd072bea7287c5f0b85d31d70df344f5d8843fbfa09
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Your browser displays the following:</p>
<div class="figure">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-1.png"><img alt="Jupyter Notebook" src="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-1.png" style="width: 520.0px; height: 201.0px;" /></a>
</div>
<p>Figure 1: <span class="guilabel">Jupyter Notebook</span></p>
<p>To create a new notebook, click <span class="guilabel">New</span> and select <span class="guilabel">Python 3</span>.</p>
<div class="figure">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-2.png"><img alt="Create a new notebook" src="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-2.png" style="width: 548.5px; height: 241.5px;" /></a>
</div>
<p>Figure 2: Create a new notebook</p>
<p>A new, blank notebook is displayed, with a cell ready for input.</p>
<div class="figure">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-3.png"><img alt="New blank notebook" src="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-3.png" style="width: 550.5px; height: 254.0px;" /></a>
</div>
<p>To verify that PyTorch is working, copy the following snippet into the blank
cell, and run the cell.</p>
<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">from __future__ import print_function</span>
<span class="go">import torch</span>
<span class="go">x = torch.rand(5, 3)</span>
<span class="go">print(x)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="figure">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-4.png"><img alt="Sample code snippet" src="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-4.png" style="width: 550.5px; height: 253.0px;" /></a>
</div>
<p>When you run the cell, your output will look something like this:</p>
<div class="figure">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-5.png"><img alt="code output" src="../../../_images/dlrs-fig-5.png" style="width: 550.0px; height: 252.5px;" /></a>
</div>
<p>You can continue working in this notebook, or you can download existing
notebooks to take advantage of the Deep Learning Reference Stack’s optimized
deep learning frameworks. Refer to <a class="reference external" href="https://jupyter.org/">Jupyter Notebook</a> for details.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="uninstallation">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Uninstallation</a></h2>
<p>To uninstall the Deep Learning Reference Stack, you can choose to stop the
container so that it is not using system resources, or you can stop the
container and delete it to free storage space.</p>
<p>To stop the container, execute the following from your host system:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Find the container’s ID</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker container ls
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will result in output similar to the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES</span>
<span class="go">e131dc71d339 clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-oss &quot;/bin/sh -c &#39;bash&#39;&quot; 23 seconds ago Up 21 seconds oss</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">You can then use the ID or container name to stop the container. This example
uses the name “oss”:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker container stop oss
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Verify that the container is not running</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker container ls
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">To delete the container from your system you need to know the Image ID:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker images
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This command results in output similar to the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE</span>
<span class="go">clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-oss latest 82757ec1648a 4 weeks ago 3.43GB</span>
<span class="go">clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-mkl latest 61c178102228 4 weeks ago 2.76GB</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">To remove an image use the image ID:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker rmi 82757ec1648a
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">#</span> docker rmi <span class="m">827</span>
<span class="go">Untagged: clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-oss:latest</span>
<span class="go">Untagged: clearlinux/stacks-dlrs-oss@sha256:381f4b604537b2cb7fb5b583a8a847a50c4ed776f8e677e2354932eb82f18898</span>
<span class="go">Deleted: sha256:82757ec1648a906c504e50e43df74ad5fc333deee043dbfe6559c86908fac15e</span>
<span class="go">Deleted: sha256:e47ecc039d48409b1c62e5ba874921d7f640243a4c3115bb41b3e1009ecb48e4</span>
<span class="go">Deleted: sha256:50c212235d3c33a3c035e586ff14359d03895c7bc701bb5dfd62dbe0e91fb486</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that you can execute the <strong class="command">docker rmi</strong> command using only the first few characters of the image ID, provided they are unique on the system.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Once you have removed the image, you can verify it has been deleted with:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker images
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-topics">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Related topics</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://clearlinux.org/stacks/deep-learning-reference-stack-v3">DLRS V3.0</a> release announcement</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/performance/benchmarks">TensorFlow Benchmarks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/caffe2/python/convnet_benchmarks.py">PyTorch benchmarks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://www.kubeflow.org/">Kubeflow</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="../../../tutorials/kubernetes/kubernetes.html#kubernetes"><span class="std std-ref">Run Kubernetes*</span></a> tutorial</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="https://jupyter.org/">Jupyter Notebook</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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