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Revert "Merge of latest changes into RTD theme to enable multi-language support (#604)"
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Kevin Putnam
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.. _multi-boot:
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Multi-boot |CL-ATTR| with other operating systems
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#################################################
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|CL-ATTR| uses the Systemd-Boot boot loader, which does not support multi-
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booting without manual manipulation. This tutorial shows how to configure the
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|CL| boot loader to work with other :abbr:`OSes (operating systems)`.
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Process overview
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****************
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The process to install other operating systems for a multi-booting computer is
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described below. Install |CL| first, then install other operating systems in
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any order.
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#. Install |CL| first with a EFI partition large enough to store the kernels
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of other operating systems and their initrds, in the case of Linux
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distributions.
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#. Install the next operating system without creating its own EFI
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partition.
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#. Boot into the newly installed operating system.
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#. For Linux distributions, copy its kernel and `initrd` to the |CL| EFI
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partition. This step is not needed for Windows\*.
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#. Add an entry for the newly installed operating system in the
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Systemd-Boot menu.
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#. Make Systemd-Boot the default boot loader.
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#. Repeat the previous steps to install each additional operating system.
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If you update any installed operating systems, be aware that:
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* The default boot loader may change from |CL| Systemd-Boot. Perform the
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steps in :ref:`multi-boot-restore-bl`.
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* Linux kernels or `initrd` images may change. Keep their corresponding Systemd-Boot
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:file:`/boot/efi/loader/entries/*.conf` files up-to-date.
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This process is not guaranteed to work with all Linux distributions and all
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their versions. The next section lists the OSes that we tested.
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Tested operating systems
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************************
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The following operating systems were tested on an Intel® NUC6i7KYK with 32GB
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RAM and a 360GB SSD. Table 1 lists the information specific to the
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installation of the tested operating systems.
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.. csv-table:: Table 1: OS specific installation information
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:header: # , OS, Version, Partition Size [#]_, Swap Size [#]_, EFI Partition Size [#]_, Download Link
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1,Clear Linux,16140,50 GB,8 GB,1 GB,https://cdn.download.clearlinux.org/releases/16140/clear/
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2,Windows,Server 2016,50 GB,N/A,Shared with #1,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/windows-server
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3,Red Hat\*,Server 7.4 Beta,45 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://access.redhat.com/downloads/
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4,SUSE\*,Server 12 SP2,45 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.suse.com/download-linux/
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5,Ubuntu\*,16.04.02 LTS Desktop,40 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
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6,Linux Mint\*,18.1 *Serena* MATE,40 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=228
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Table notes:
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.. [#] Configure the partition size as desired.
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.. [#] To save disk space, share a single swap partition between
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multiple Linux installations. Swap size was determined using these
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`recommended swap partition sizes`_.
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.. [#] The EFI partition holds the kernel and boot information for |CL| and
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other operating systems. The partition size is dependent on the number
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of operating systems to be installed. In general, allocate about 100 MB
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per operating system. For this tutorial, we used 1 GB.
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.. _multi-boot-detail-proc:
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Detailed procedures
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*******************
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* :ref:`multi-boot-cl` (below)
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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multi-boot-win
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multi-boot-rhel
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multi-boot-sles
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multi-boot-ubuntu
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multi-boot-mint
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multi-boot-restore-bl
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.. _multi-boot-cl:
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Install |CL|
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************
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Navigation tips for text-based installation interfaces:
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* Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between
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the options on the screen.
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* Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option.
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* Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead.
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Installation details
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====================
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#. Create a bootable USB drive of the |CL| installer using one of the methods
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below.
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* :ref:`bootable-usb-linux`
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* :ref:`bootable-usb-mac`
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* :ref:`bootable-usb-windows`
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#. Start the |CL| installer and follow the prompts.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Choose Installation Type` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`Manual (Advanced)`, as shown in Figure 1.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-01.png
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Figure 1: |CL| installer: Choose installation type screen.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Choose partitioning method` screen, choose
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:guilabel:`Manually configure mounts and partitions`, as shown in
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Figure 2.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-02.png
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Figure 2: |CL|: Choose partitioning method.
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#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda`, and press :kbd:`Enter` to
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go into the `cgdisk` partitioning tool. See Figure 3.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-03.png
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Figure 3: |CL|: Choose drive to partition.
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#. Create a new root partition.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`, as shown in Figure 4.
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.. _multi-boot-04:
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-04.png
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Figure 4: |CL|: Create new partition.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we
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specified *50 GB*. See Figure 5.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-05.png
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Figure 5: |CL|: New partition size.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`, as shown
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in Figure 6.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-06.png
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Figure 6: |CL|: Set partition type.
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-root`. This name makes it easier to
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identify later. See Figure 7.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-07.png
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Figure 7: |CL|: Name partition.
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#. Create a new swap partition as shown in Figure 8.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-08.png
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Figure 8: |CL|: Create swap partition.
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#. Select the *free space* partition located at the bottom of the column.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the swap partition. For this example, we
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used 8 GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8200 (Linux swap)`.
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-swap`.
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#. Create a new EFI partition as shown in Figure 9.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-09.png
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Figure 9: |CL|: Create EFI partition.
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#. In the :guilabel:`Partition Type` column, select :guilabel:`free space`
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located at the bottom of the column.
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#. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4<multi-boot-04>`.
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#. Accept the default first sector.
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#. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we used
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1024 MB. This partition will hold |CL|, the kernels of the other
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operating systems, and their boot information. Its size depends on the
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number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100 MB
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per operating system. For this example, we used 1024 MB.
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#. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`ef00 (EFI partition)`.
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#. Name the partition :file:`CL-EFI`.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Write` to apply the new partition table.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Quit` to exit the `cgdisk` tool.
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#. On the :guilabel:`Set mount points` screen, specify the mount points and
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format settings as shown in Figure 10.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-10.png
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Figure 10: |CL|: Set mount points.
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#. On the :guilabel:`User configuration` screen, select
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:guilabel:`Create an administrative user`, as shown in Figure 11.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-11.png
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Figure 11: |CL|: User configuration.
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#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`, as shown in Figure 12.
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.. figure:: figures/multi-boot-12.png
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Figure 12: |CL|: Add user as sudoer.
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#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and finish
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the out-of-box-experience for |CL|.
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#. Log in.
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#. Add a Systemd-Boot timeout period or Systemd-Boot will not present the
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boot menu of available OSes to choose from and will always boot |CL|.
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.. code-block:: bash
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sudo clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20
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sudo clr-boot-manager update
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#. Reboot.
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If you want to install other OSes, refer to :ref:`multi-boot-detail-proc`.
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.. _recommended swap partition sizes:
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https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-swapspace.html
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