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.. _web-server-install:
Creating a Clear Linux based web server
Create a Clear Linux based web server
#######################################
Prerequisites
*************
This tutorial guides you through creating a LAMP server as part of setting up a Clear Linux-based web server. It details how to install and configure each LAMP server component and then create an initial WordPress MySQL database.
In order to create a web server using |CL| as the host OS your host
system must be running |CL|. Therefore, this tutorial assumes you have
already gone through the :ref:`bare metal installation<bare-metal-install>`
instructions.
In order to create a web server using |CL| as the host OS, your host
system must be running |CL|. This tutorial assumes you have
successfully installed :ref:`Clear Linux on bare metal<bare-metal-install>`.
Before installing any new packages, update the |CL| OS with the
console command:
Before you install new packages, update the |CL| OS with the following console command:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo swupd update
Creating a LAMP Server
Create a LAMP Server
**********************
A server with Linux\*, Apache\*, MySQL\*, and PHP\* installed is known as a
LAMP server, allows you to set up a fully functional web server, and enables
you to host your own website. This tutorial walks you through the process of
creating a LAMP server by installing and configuring each component. In place
of MySQL, we will be installing MariaDB which is a drop- in replacement for
MySQL. Once the LAMP server component installations are complete, we add
phpMyAdmin to manage your MariaDB databases.
A LAMP server uses Linux\*, Apache\*, MySQL\*, and PHP\* to set up a fully functional web server and host a website. Note that this tutorial installs MariaDB, which is a drop- in replacement for MySQL.
Installing Apache
This tutorial follows these steps:
1. Install Apache.
2. Change the default configuration and data directory.
3. Install PHP.
4. Install MariaDB.
5. Install phpMyAdmin.
6. Set up a WordPress database.
Install Apache
*****************
Apache is an open source HTTP web server application. It can run on several
operating systems, including |CL|. Alternatively, you could install
NGINX but this tutorial focuses on implementing an Apache server.
Go to https://httpd.apache.org/ to learn more about it.
Apache is an open source HTTP web server application that can run on several
operating systems, including |CL|. Go to https://httpd.apache.org/ for more information.
Install the web-server-basic bundle
===================================
@@ -45,47 +43,45 @@ Apache software bundle on |CL|.
To install the bundle, enter the following command:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo swupd bundle-add web-server-basic
To start the Apache service, enter the following commands:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo systemctl enable httpd.service
sudo systemctl start httpd.service
To verify that the Apache server application is running, go to your web
To verify that the Apache server application is running, open a web
browser and navigate to: http://localhost
If the service is running you will see the message "This web server is
operational from host." on your browser as shown in figure 1.
If the service is running, a confirmation message appears, as shown in figure 1.
.. figure:: figures/web-server-install-1.png
:alt: This web server is operational from host.
:scale: 50%
Confirmation the Apache service is running.
Figure 1: Confirmation that the Apache service is running.
The :file:`index.html` file is located in the :file:`/var/www/html`
Note that the :file:`index.html` file is located in the :file:`/var/www/html`
directory of your host system. We will copy this file into a new location
after we modify the configuration.
after we modify the configuration in the next step.
Change the default configuration and data directory
***************************************************
|CL| is designed to be a stateless operating system which means that you will
need to create an optional configuration file to make changes over the default
|CL| is designed to be a stateless operating system which means that you must create an optional configuration file to make changes over the default
values. The default location of the Apache configuration file,
:file:`httpd.conf`, is located in the :file:`/usr/share/defaults/httpd`
directory. |CL| can overwritte this directory as part of the stateless
directory. |CL| can overwrite this directory as part of the stateless
paradigm. This default :file:`.conf` file includes the following directives
that allow for additional locations of configuration definitions:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
# Virtual hosts
IncludeOptional /usr/share/defaults/httpd/conf.d/*.conf
@@ -93,14 +89,16 @@ that allow for additional locations of configuration definitions:
IncludeOptional /etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf
IncludeOptional /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf
For this tutorial, we will create the directory structure for :file:`/etc/httpd/conf.d`
and then create the :file:`httpd.conf` file within :file:`/etc/httpd/conf.d` directory and
include the variable ``DocumentRoot``.
For this tutorial, we will perform the following:
Using your favorite editor, copy the content listed below into the new file
1. Create the directory structure for :file:`/etc/httpd/conf.d`
2. Create the :file:`httpd.conf` file within :file:`/etc/httpd/conf.d` directory
3. Add the ``DocumentRoot`` variable to :file:`httpd.conf`.
From a text editor, copy the content listed below into the new file
:file:`/etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd.conf`.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
#
# Set a new location for DocumentRoot
@@ -116,79 +114,76 @@ Using your favorite editor, copy the content listed below into the new file
</Directory>
Finally, let’s create the new ``DocumentRoot`` directory structure and copy the
Create a new ``DocumentRoot`` directory structure and copy the
:file:`index.html` file from :file:`/var/www/html` directory to
:file:`/var/www/tutorial`.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo mkdir –p /var/www/tutorial
cd /var/www/tutorial
sudo cp /var/www/html/index.html .
To make sure that we have everything set correctly, let’s edit the new
:file:`index.html` file with your editor and change the text from
"This web server is operational from host." to
"This web server is operational from its new location.".
To ensure a successful setup, edit the new
:file:`index.html` file. From a text editor, change the original text,"This web server is operational from host." to "This web server is operational from its new location."
With the new configuration files in place, you will need to stop and then
restart the ``httpd.service``.
Stop and then restart the ``httpd.service``.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo systemctl stop httpd.service
sudo systemctl start httpd.service
Now when you go to http://localhost you should see your new screen.
Go to http://localhost to view the new screen.
To continue, we must change the configuration back to the default
:file:`/var/www/html` location. To do this, edit the
:file:`/etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd.conf` file again and replace any instance of
/var/www/tutorial with /var/www/html.
Then, stop and then restart the ``httpd.service``.
Stop and then restart ``httpd.service``.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo systemctl stop httpd.service
sudo systemctl start httpd.service
On http://localhost, you should see the default screen again.
Go to http://localhost and verify that you can see the default screen again.
Optionally, remove the /var/www/tutorial directory previously created.
Optionally, remove the /var/www/tutorial directory you previously created.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo rm /var/www/tutorial/index.html
sudo rmdir /var/www/tutorial
Installing PHP
Install PHP
**************
With Apache installed, you can display static web pages. However, enabling
PHP allows dynamic webpages to be generated and displayed. To add this
functionality to your web server we need to install PHP on your system.
An Apache installation allows you to display static web pages. Enabling
PHP allows you to generate and display dynamic web pages. To add this
functionality to your web server, install PHP on your system.
To get the php components, enter the following command:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo swupd bundle-add php-basic
To enable PHP, enter the following commands:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm.service
sudo systemctl start php-fpm.service
sudo systemctl restart httpd.service
After restarting the Apache service, we can test our PHP installation.
After restarting the Apache service, test your PHP installation.
1. Create a file named :file:`phpinfo.php` in the
:file:`/var/www/html/` directory using your editor.
:file:`/var/www/html/` directory using a text editor.
2. Add the following line to the file:
@@ -196,46 +191,43 @@ After restarting the Apache service, we can test our PHP installation.
<?PHP phpinfo() ?>
3. Go to http://localhost/phpinfo.php using your browser.
3. Go to http://localhost/phpinfo.php.
The PHP information screen should appear, see figure 2:
Verify that the PHP information screen appears, as shown in figure 2:
.. figure:: figures/web-server-install-2.png
:alt: PHP information screen
:width: 600
The PHP information screen.
Figure 2: The PHP information screen.
If the PHP information screen is displayed, you have successfully installed
the PHP components and are now ready to add your database application to
complete your LAMP server implementation.
The PHP components are successfully installed.
Installing MariaDB
Install MariaDB
******************
Most web applications require a database to store their content. Therefore,
we must install MariaDB to fulfill this need. MariaDB is a drop-in
Install Maria DB to store content. MariaDB is a drop-in
replacement for MySQL and is available in the database-basic |CL|
bundle.
To install the database-basic bundle, enter the following command:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo swupd bundle-add database-basic
Once MariaDB is installed, we need to start the service and check its status.
Once MariaDB is installed, start the service and check its status.
To start MariaDB, enter the following commands:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb
To check the status of MariaDB, enter the following command:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
sudo systemctl status mariadb
@@ -245,21 +237,21 @@ hardening.
To add a basic layer of security, enter the following command and answer the
questions presented:
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
mysql_secure_installation
.. note:: We have included the answers after each question.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
In order to secure the MariaDB, we need the current password for the root
In order to secure MariaDB, we need the current password for the root
user. For a newly installed MariaDB without a set root password, the
password is blank. Just press enter to continue.
password is blank. Thus, press enter to continue.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
@@ -267,24 +259,23 @@ password is blank. Just press enter to continue.
.. _set-password:
Setting the root password ensures nobody can log into the MariaDB
as a root user without the proper authorization.
Set the root password to prevent unauthorized MariaDB root user logins.
To set a root password, type 'y'.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
New password:
Type the desired password for the root user.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
Re-enter new password:
Re-type the desired password for the root user.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
@@ -292,34 +283,34 @@ Re-type the desired password for the root user.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user allowing anyone to
By default, a MariaDB installation includes an anonymous user that allows anyone to
log into MariaDB without a user account. This anonymous user is intended only
for testing and for a smoother the installation.
for testing and for a smoother installation.
To remove the anonymous user and make your database more secure, type 'y'.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
... Success!
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from the 'localhost'.
This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
This ensures that someone cannot guess the root password from the network.
To block any remote root login, type 'y'.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
... Success!
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' which anyone can
By default, MariaDB includes a database named 'test' which anyone can
access. This database is also intended only for testing and should be
removed.
To remove the test database, type 'y'.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
@@ -332,7 +323,7 @@ immediately.
To reload the privilege tables, type 'y'.
.. code-block:: console
.. code-block:: bash
... Success!
@@ -346,10 +337,10 @@ To reload the privilege tables, type 'y'.
The MariaDB installation is complete and we can now install phpMyAdmin to
manage the databases.
Installing phpMyAdmin
Install phpMyAdmin
*********************
The web-based tool phpMyAdmin is a straight-forward way to manage MySQL or
The web-based tool phpMyAdmin is a straightforward way to manage MySQL or
MariaDB databases. Visit https://www.phpmyadmin.net for the complete
discussion regarding phpMyAdmin, its documentation, the latest downloads, and
other useful information.
@@ -364,7 +355,7 @@ our |CL| host system.
.. note:: This example downloads and uses version 4.6.4.
2. Once the file has been successfully downloaded and verified, uncompress
the file and directories into the apache web server document root
the file and directories into the Apache web server document root
directory. Use the following commands:
.. code-block:: console
@@ -380,35 +371,32 @@ our |CL| host system.
sudo mv phpMyAdmin-4.6.4-english phpMyAdmin
Using phpMyAdmin to Manage Databases
Use phpMyAdmin to Manage Databases
====================================
If you have successfully installed all of the components for your LAMP
server, you should be able to point your browser to
http://localhost/phpMyAdmin and see the screen shown in figure 3 in your
browser window.
To verify a successful installation of all LAMP server components, go to
http://localhost/phpMyAdmin. Confirm that the phpMyAdmin welcome screen appears, as shown in figure 3.
.. figure:: figures/web-server-install-3.png
:alt: phpMyAdmin login page
:width: 600
The `phpMyAdmin` login page after successful installation.
Figure 3: The `phpMyAdmin` login page.
Log in with your root userid and the password you set up when you ran the
:ref:`mysql_secure_installation command <set-password>`. Enter your
credentials and select :guilabel:`Go` to log in:
Once logged in the main phpMyAdmin page is displayed as shown on figure 4:
Once logged in the main phpMyAdmin page displays, as shown in figure 4:
.. figure:: figures/web-server-install-4.png
:alt: phpMyAdmin dashboard
:width: 600
The `phpMyAdmin` dashboard after successful login.
Figure 4: The `phpMyAdmin` dashboard.
Our next step is to set up our first database. For example, we can call
our new database WordPress.
Set up your first database called WordPress. Follow these steps:
1. Select the :guilabel:`Databases` tab in the phpMyAdmin main screen to go
to the Databases page. Figure 5 shows the databases tab.
@@ -417,17 +405,17 @@ our new database WordPress.
:alt: Databases tab
:width: 600
The `Databases` tab of `phpMyAdmin`.
Figure 5: The `Databases` tab of `phpMyAdmin`.
2. Enter 'WordPress'. in the text field below the :guilabel:`Create database`
2. Enter 'WordPress' in the text field below the :guilabel:`Create database`
label.
3. Pick the :guilabel:`utf8_unicode_ci` option from the collation drop-down
3. Select the :guilabel:`utf8_unicode_ci` option from the Collation drop-down
menu beside the text field.
4. Press the :guilabel:`Create` button.
4. Click :guilabel:`Create`.
Once the database is created, we need to set up the user permissions.
Once the database is created, set up the user permissions.
1. Select the WordPress database in the left panel.
@@ -438,18 +426,17 @@ Once the database is created, we need to set up the user permissions.
:alt: Privileges tab
:width: 600
The `Privileges` tab of `phpMyAdmin`
Figure 6: The `Privileges` tab of `phpMyAdmin`
3. Click on :guilabel:`Add user account`
3. Click :guilabel:`Add user account` as shown in figure 7.
.. figure:: figures/web-server-install-7.png
:alt: User accounts tab
:width: 600
The `User accounts` tab showing all the required information entered
in the next steps.
Figure 7: The `User accounts` tab.
4. Enter the following information in the corresponding fields:
4. Enter the following information in the corresponding fields that appear in Figure 7 above:
User name: wordpressuser
@@ -457,10 +444,9 @@ Once the database is created, we need to set up the user permissions.
Re-type: wp-example
5. In the Database for user account section, select the option
:guilabel:`Grant all privileges on database “WordPress”.`
5. In the 'Database for user account' section, select :guilabel:`Grant all privileges on database “WordPress”.`
6. At the bottom of the page and select :guilabel:`Go`.
6. At the bottom of the page, click :guilabel:`Go`.
If successful, you should see the screen shown in figure 8:
@@ -468,12 +454,12 @@ If successful, you should see the screen shown in figure 8:
:alt: User added successfully
:width: 600
The user **wordpressuser** was added successfully.
Figure 8: The user **wordpressuser** was added successfully.
Congratulations!
You have now created a fully functional LAMP server along with a WordPress-
ready database using |CL|.
As a next step, you could :ref:`create a WordPress server <wp-install>`
and present it to the world.
Go to :ref:`Create a Clear Linux WordPress server <wp-install>`
to complete the setup.