From 164c96893e3c8b574c2fc7c09a992f36e2a8b4c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MCamp859 Date: Tue, 8 May 2018 10:56:53 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Copy edit of multi-boot for branding, grammar, and format. Completed feedback deferred from PR 108. Signed-off-by: MCamp859 --- .../tutorials/multi-boot/multi-boot.rst | 166 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 81 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-) diff --git a/source/clear-linux/tutorials/multi-boot/multi-boot.rst b/source/clear-linux/tutorials/multi-boot/multi-boot.rst index 1c707160..34e1b1b5 100644 --- a/source/clear-linux/tutorials/multi-boot/multi-boot.rst +++ b/source/clear-linux/tutorials/multi-boot/multi-boot.rst @@ -5,17 +5,18 @@ Multi-boot Clear Linux with other operating systems Starting with version 16140, |CLOSIA| uses the Systemd-Boot boot loader, which does not support multi-booting without manual manipulation. This -document shows how to modify the boot loader for |CL| to work with other -operating systems. +tutorial shows how to modify the boot loader for |CL| to work with other +:abbr:`OSes (operating systems)`. Process overview **************** -The general process to install other operating systems for a -multi-booting computer is as follows: +The process to install other operating systems for a multi-booting computer is +described below. Install |CL| first, then install other operating systems in +any order. #. Install |CL| first with a EFI partition large enough to store the kernels - of other operating systems and their initrds in the case of Linux\* + of other operating systems and their initrds in the case of Linux distributions. #. Install the next operating system without creating its own EFI @@ -31,12 +32,18 @@ multi-booting computer is as follows: #. Make Systemd-Boot the default boot loader. -#. Repeat the previous steps for each additional operating system. Always - install |CL| first. Install other operating systems in any order. +#. Repeat the previous steps to install each additional operating system. -.. note:: - This process is not guaranteed to work with all Linux distributions and - all their versions. +If you update any installed operating systems, be aware that: + +* The default boot loader may change from |CL| Systemd-Boot. Perform the + steps in :ref:`multi-boot-restore-bl`. + +* Linux kernels or `initrd` images may change. Keep their corresponding Systemd-Boot + :file:`/boot/efi/loader/entries/*.conf` files up-to-date. + +This process is not guaranteed to work with all Linux distributions and all +their versions. The next section lists the OSes that we tested. Tested operating systems @@ -49,42 +56,36 @@ installation of the tested operating systems. .. csv-table:: Table 1: OS specific installation information :header: # , OS, Version, Partition Size [1], Swap Size [2], EFI Partition Size [3], Download Link - 1,Clear Linux,16140,50GB,8GB,1GB,https://download.clearlinux.org/image/clear-15870-installer.img.xz - 2,Windows ,Server 2016,50GB,N/A,Shared with #1,From Microsoft - 3,RedHat,Server 7.4 Beta,45GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,From RedHat - 4,SUSE,Server 12 SP2,45GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,From SUSE - 5,Ubuntu,16.04.02 LTS Desktop,40GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop - 6,Mint,18.1 ?Serena? MATE,40GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=228 + 1,Clear Linux,16140,50 GB,8 GB,1 GB,https://download.clearlinux.org/releases/16140/clear/ + 2,Windows,Server 2016,50 GB,N/A,Shared with #1,https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/windows-server + 3,Red Hat\*,Server 7.4 Beta,45 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://access.redhat.com/downloads/ + 4,SUSE\*,Server 12 SP2,45 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.suse.com/download-linux/ + 5,Ubuntu\*,16.04.02 LTS Desktop,40 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop + 6,Linux Mint\*,18.1 *Serena* MATE,40 GB,Shared with #1,Shared with #1,https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=228 + +Table notes: .. [#] Configure the partition size as desired. -.. [#] To save disk space, a single swap partition can be shared among + +.. [#] To save disk space, share a single swap partition between multiple Linux installations. Swap size was determined using these `recommended swap partition sizes`_. -.. [#] This partition will hold the |CL| and other operating - systems’ kernel and boot information. The partition size is dependent on - the number of operating systems that will be installed. In general, - allocate about 100MB per operating system. For this demonstration, we used - 1GB. +.. [#] The EFI partition holds the kernel and boot information for |CL| and + other operating systems. The partition size is dependent on the number + of operating systems to be installed. In general, allocate about 100 MB per + operating system. For this tutorial, we used 1 GB. -.. note:: - Updating any installed operating systems will likely result - in the |CL| Systemd-Boot no longer being the default - boot loader. To restore it, see :ref:`multi-boot-restore-bl`. -.. note:: - Updating any Linux installation may result in changes of their kernels or - initrds. Keep their corresponding Systemd-Boot - :file:`/boot/efi/loader/entries/*.conf` files up-to-update. .. _multi-boot-detail-proc: Detailed procedures ******************* - :ref:`multi-boot-cl` (below) +* :ref:`multi-boot-cl` (below) .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 @@ -99,8 +100,20 @@ Detailed procedures .. _multi-boot-cl: -Install the Clear Linux OS -************************** +Install Clear Linux OS +********************** + +Navigation tips for text-based installation interfaces: + +* Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between + the options on the screen. + +* Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option. + +* Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead. + +Installation details +==================== #. Create a bootable USB drive of the |CL| installer using one of the methods below. @@ -111,23 +124,12 @@ Install the Clear Linux OS #. Start the |CL| installer and follow the prompts. -#. On the *Choose Installation Type* screen, choose *Manual (Advanced)*, - as shown in Figure 1. +#. On the :guilabel:`Choose Installation Type` screen, choose + :guilabel:`Manual (Advanced)`, as shown in Figure 1. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-01.png - Figure 1: |CL| installer: Choose installation type screen - - .. note:: - If you are not familiar with text-based installation - interfaces, here are some navigation tips: - - * Use the :kbd:`Up Arrow` and :kbd:`Down Arrow` keys to move between - the options on the screen. - - * Use the :kbd:`Space` to select or highlight an option. - - * Press :kbd:`Enter` to activate the selected option and to move ahead. + Figure 1: |CL| installer: Choose installation type screen. #. On the :guilabel:`Choose partitioning method` screen, choose :guilabel:`Manually configure mounts and partitions`, as shown in @@ -135,75 +137,75 @@ Install the Clear Linux OS .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-02.png - Figure 2: |CL|: Choose partitioning method + Figure 2: |CL|: Choose partitioning method. -#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda` and press :kbd:`Enter` to +#. Select the drive, in this case :file:`/dev/sda`, and press :kbd:`Enter` to go into the `cgdisk` partitioning tool. See Figure 3. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-03.png - Figure 3: |CL|: Choose drive to partition + Figure 3: |CL|: Choose drive to partition. #. Create a new root partition. - #. Select :guilabel:`New`. See Figure 4. + #. Select :guilabel:`New`, as shown in Figure 4. .. _multi-boot-04: .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-04.png - Figure 4: |CL|: Create new partition + Figure 4: |CL|: Create new partition. #. Accept the default first sector. #. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we - specified *50GB*. See Figure 5. + specified *50 GB*. See Figure 5. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-05.png - Figure 5: |CL|: New partition size + Figure 5: |CL|: New partition size. - #. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`. See - Figure 6. + #. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8300 (Linux filesystem)`, as shown + in Figure 6. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-06.png - Figure 6: |CL|: Set partition type + Figure 6: |CL|: Set partition type. #. Name the partition :file:`CL-root`. This name makes it easier to identify later. See Figure 7. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-07.png - Figure 7: |CL|: Name partition + Figure 7: |CL|: Name partition. -#. Create a new swap partition. See Figure 8. +#. Create a new swap partition as shown in Figure 8. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-08.png - Figure 8: |CL|: Create swap partition + Figure 8: |CL|: Create swap partition. - #. Select the `free space` partition located at the bottom of the column. + #. Select the *free space* partition located at the bottom of the column. #. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4`. #. Accept the default first sector. #. Specify the desired size of the swap partition. For this example, we - used 8GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance. + used 8 GB. See the `recommended swap partition sizes`_ for guidance. #. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`8200 (Linux swap)`. #. Name the partition :file:`CL-swap`. -#. Create a new EFI partition. See Figure 9. +#. Create a new EFI partition as shown in Figure 9. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-09.png - Figure 9: |CL|: Create EFI partition + Figure 9: |CL|: Create EFI partition. - #. In the Partition Type column, select :guilabel:`free space` located at - the bottom of the column. + #. In the :guilabel:`Partition Type` column, select :guilabel:`free space` + located at the bottom of the column. #. Select :guilabel:`New`. See :ref:`Figure 4`. @@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ Install the Clear Linux OS #. Specify the desired size of the partition. For this example, we used 1024 MB. This partition will hold |CL|, the kernels of the other operating systems, and their boot information. Its size depends on the - number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100MB + number of installed operating systems. In general, allocate about 100 MB per operating system. For this example, we used 1024 MB. #. Set the partition type to :guilabel:`ef00 (EFI partition)`. @@ -228,40 +230,34 @@ Install the Clear Linux OS .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-10.png - Figure 10: |CL|: Set mount points + Figure 10: |CL|: Set mount points. #. On the :guilabel:`User configuration` screen, select - :guilabel:`Create an administrative user`. See Figure 11. + :guilabel:`Create an administrative user`, as shown in Figure 11. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-11.png - Figure 11: |CL|: User configuration + Figure 11: |CL|: User configuration. -#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`. See Figure 12. +#. Select :guilabel:`Add user to sudoers?`, as shown in Figure 12. .. figure:: figures/multi-boot-12.png - Figure 12: |CL|: Add user as sudoer + Figure 12: |CL|: Add user as sudoer. -#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and go through - the out-of-box-experience of |CL|. +#. Follow the remaining prompts to complete the installation and finish + the out-of-box-experience for |CL|. #. Log in. -#. Get root privileges. +#. Add a Systemd-Boot timeout period or Systemd-Boot will not + present the boot menu and will boot |CL|. - .. code-block:: console + .. code-block:: bash - $ sudo -s + sudo clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20 -#. Add a timeout period for Systemd-Boot to wait, otherwise it will not - present the boot menu and will always boot |CL|. - - .. code-block:: console - - # clr-boot-manager set-timeout 20 - - # clr-boot-manager update + sudo clr-boot-manager update #. Reboot.